The Long Shadow of Police Racial Treatment: Racial Disparity in Criminal Justice Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeok Kim ◽  
André Kiesel
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing

Exploring the Minority Threat Hypothesis for Juveniles in Criminal Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Zane
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Pretrial Detention ◽  
Minority Threat ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Different Populations

In the context of the criminal justice system, the minority threat hypothesis posits that a growing minority population will exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities as those in power seek to establish social control over the threatening population. Decades of research have produced mixed findings, possibly due to the varied approaches to testing this hypothesis as well as the different populations to whom it is applied. To fully explore the racial and ethnic threat hypotheses for an underexamined population—juveniles transferred to criminal court—and an underexamined outcome—pretrial detention—the present article employs a series of multilevel models to test several versions of the hypothesis. Specifically, the article distinguishes between two measures of minority threat—static and dynamic—and two types of threat effects—diffuse and targeted. Findings indicate limited support for the minority threat hypothesis in all forms. Several interpretations are offered, ranging from consideration of the need for more informed measures of threat to a possible need to modify or abandon the minority threat hypothesis in the context of juvenile and criminal justice processing.

Criminal Histories and Criminal Justice Processing of Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Sample Members in Washington, DC, 1989-1991

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Carver ◽  
Eric Wish ◽  
Douglas A. Smith ◽  
Christina Polsenberg
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing

The Digital Turn

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Sarah Esther Lageson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing

Recent decades have witnessed a digital turn in criminal justice processing that has contributed to the creation and dissemination of millions of criminal records per year, impacting both criminal justice workers and those processed by the system. Current US law has allowed for the public dissemination of these records, emphasizing free speech and transparency over other competing values, such as due process, privacy, or liberty. The turn toward digital disclosure of criminal justice information has outpaced thoughtful discussions about balancing privacy rights and the notion of public interest that the courts have developed during the past century. It is certainly in the public interest to have access to the workings of the police, courts, and prisons—it is a fundamental way that citizens can keep an eye on these powerful institutions. However, these core transparency values are being used for a different, entrepreneurial purpose since criminal records have become a commodified good.

No evidence of racial discrimination in criminal justice processing: Results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
John Paul Wright ◽  
Brian B. Boutwell ◽  
J.C. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing

The Effects of Race and Physical Evidence on the Likelihood of Arrest for Homicide

2020 ◽  
pp. 215336871990035
Author(s):  
Maria Arndt ◽  
Lisa Stolzenberg ◽  
Stewart J. D’Alessio
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Criminal Suspect ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing ◽  
Criminal Suspects ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research examining the association between criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest has produced inconsistent findings. Social scientists remain unsure as to whether Black or White criminal suspects have a higher probability of arrest. Still others find no substantive association between a criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest. This study contributes to the extant literature by examining the relationship between a criminal suspect’s race and the arrest sanction for the crime of homicide while controlling for the strength of physical evidence linking the criminal suspect to the crime. Although strength of physical evidence against a defendant in a criminal case has been repeatedly shown to be important in determining a variety of criminal justice processing outcomes, it has typically been excluded from research studies examining the arrest decision due to data limitations. Logistic regression results show that Black homicide suspects are not more likely than similarly situated White homicide suspects to be arrested by police. Results also show that Black-on-White homicides are not more apt than other offender–victim racial combinations to culminate in an arrest. Based on these findings, it appears that a homicide suspect’s race does not play a noteworthy role in influencing the likelihood of arrest after accounting for the strength of physical evidence gathered against the criminal suspect in the case.

scholarly journals Causes and Effects of Racial Disparity in the Criminal Justice System

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-762
Author(s):  
Marv Krohn ◽  
Bryanna Fox
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Justice System

scholarly journals On the Heritability of Criminal Justice Processing

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824401772340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian B. Boutwell ◽  
Eric J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing

When Is Justice Fair? An Integrated Approach to the Outcome Versus Procedure Debate

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Landis ◽  
Lynne Goodstein
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Plea Bargain ◽  
Outcome Fairness ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Criminal Justice Processing

Defendants’ perceptions of the fairness of their criminal processing outcomes have been the stated concern of some criminal justice reformers. Past research has suggested that these perceptions are influenced by characteristics of the outcome received as well as by characteristics of the process through which the outcome is imposed. This analysis tests a theoretical path model of perceived outcome fairness, which examines the relative influence of both outcome and process characteristics, using survey data collected from 619 prison inmates incarcerated in Minnesota and Illinois. The results indicate that factors related to both outcome and process significantly influence sample inmates’ perceptions of their criminal justice processing outcomes and together explain a substantial portion of the total variance. However, two process-related characteristics are found to be the most powerful predictors of perceived outcome fairness. Inmates’ perceptions that they are fairly treated by their lawyer, judge, and prosecutor are the strongest correlates of perceived outcome fairness, followed by the mode of disposition through which their outcomes are imposed; inmates who plea bargain are more likely than those who go to trial to perceive their outcome as fair.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document