Research Synthesis and the Value per Statistical Life

Risk Analysis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Robinson ◽  
James K. Hammitt
Keyword(s):  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life

scholarly journals Expert Elicitation of the Value per Statistical Life in an Air Pollution Context

Risk Analysis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Roman ◽  
James K. Hammitt ◽  
Tyra L. Walsh ◽  
David M. Stieb
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life

scholarly journals Extrapolating the Value Per Statistical Life Between Populations: Theoretical Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Hammitt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life

Extrapolation of estimates of the value per statistical life (VSL) from high- to low- or middle-income populations requires attention to the possible effects of differences in income, current mortality risk, health, life expectancy, and many other factors. The standard theoretical model of VSL implies that VSL increases with income and decreases with current mortality risk. The effect of mortality risk is likely to be negligible while the effect of income is large and poorly quantified. Effects of differences in life expectancy and health are theoretically ambiguous. Effects of other factors, including differences in health care, formal and informal support networks, and cultural or religious factors that affect preferences for spending on oneself or others may be important but are unknown. Practical issues include choice of the most appropriate measure of income and possible differences in the patterns of age dependence between populations.

scholarly journals The Income Elasticity of the Value per Statistical Life: Transferring Estimates between High and Low Income Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Hammitt ◽  
Lisa A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Future Earnings ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
New Research ◽  
Bounded Below ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life

The income elasticity of the value per statistical life (VSL) is an important parameter for policy analysis. Mortality risk reductions often dominate the quantified benefits of environmental and other policies, and estimates of their value are frequently transferred across countries with significantly different income levels. U.S. regulatory agencies typically assume that a 1.0 percent change in real income over time will lead to a 0.4 to 0.6 percent change in the VSL. While elasticities within this range are supported by substantial research, they appear nonsensical if applied to populations with significantly smaller incomes. When transferring values between high and lower income countries, analysts often instead assume an elasticity of 1.0, but the resulting VSL estimates appear large in comparison to income. Elasticities greater than 1.0 are supported by research on the relationship between long-term economic growth and the VSL, by cross-country comparisons, and by new research that estimates the VSL by income quantile. Caution is needed when applying these higher elasticities, however, because the resulting VSLs appear smaller than expected future earnings or consumption in some cases, contrary to theory. In addition to indicating the need for more research, this comparison suggests that, in the interim, VSL estimates should be bounded below by estimates of future income or consumption.

scholarly journals Estimating the Values of Mortality Risk Reductions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The value of small changes in mortality risks, generally expressed as the value per statistical life, is an important parameter in benefit-cost analysis. However, little is known about the values held by populations in low- and middle-income countries. This article introduces a symposium that includes three additional articles which explore related theory and research.

Aggregation Biases in Estimates of the Value per Statistical Life: Evidence from Longitudinal Matched Worker-Firm Data in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wehn-Jyuan Tsai ◽  
Jin-Tan Liu ◽  
James K. Hammitt
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Life ◽  
Firm Data ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life

scholarly journals Is prevention of suicide worth less? A comparison of the value per statistical life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimefall Elin ◽  
Persson Mattias ◽  
Olofsson Sara ◽  
Hultkrantz Lars
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Contingent Valuation Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Reducing ◽  
Web Questionnaire ◽  
Value Per Statistical Life

AbstractThis paper compares the value per statistical life (VSL) in the context of suicide prevention to that of prevention of traffic fatalities. We conducted a contingent valuation survey with questions on willingness to pay (WTP) in both contexts by administering a web questionnaire to 1038 individuals aged 18 to 80. We conjectured that WTP for a given impact on the number of fatalities would be lower for suicide prevention because suicide, at least to some degree, is the result of individuals’ own decisions. However, this hypothesis was not supported by the within- or between-sample estimates of WTP or by responses to direct questions. Hence, no support is provided for the use of a lower valuation of the impact of suicide prevention than for risk-reducing programs in other fields, such as traffic safety. This implies that the same VSL should be used for evaluating suicide prevention interventions and for risk-reducing programs in other policy areas and funds for the prevention of fatalities should be directed to the area with the lowest cost per life saved.

Hotspots in Psychology – 2020 Edition

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Michael Bošnjak ◽  
Nadine Wedderhoff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Common ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. This editorial gives a brief introduction to the six articles included in the fourth “Hotspots in Psychology” of the Zeitschrift für Psychologie. The format is devoted to systematic reviews and meta-analyses in research-active fields that have generated a considerable number of primary studies. The common denominator is the research synthesis nature of the included articles, and not a specific psychological topic or theme that all articles have to address. Moreover, methodological advances in research synthesis methods relevant for any subfield of psychology are being addressed. Comprehensive supplemental material to the articles can be found in PsychArchives ( https://www.psycharchives.org ).

The Southern Nevada Agency Partnership Science and Research Synthesis: Science to support land management in Southern Nevada - Executive Summary

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne C. Chambers ◽  
Matthew L. Brooks ◽  
Burton K. Pendleton ◽  
Carol B. Raish
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Southern Nevada ◽  
Science And Research
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