High injury rates and weak injury prevention strategies in football referees at all levels of play

Background: Although data exist on injuries in youth football leagues, there are limited recent data on injury incidence in middle school football. Updated injury incidence estimates can help drive the development of injury prevention strategies. Purpose: Describe the epidemiology of injuries in middle school football during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data originated from 9 public middle schools in Virginia during school years 2015-2016 to 2017-2018. Certified athletic trainers collected injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data from school-sanctioned games and practices in boys’, football. Injury counts and rates per 1000 AEs were calculated. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices. Results: Overall, 664 middle school boys’, football injuries were reported, leading to an overall injury rate of 20.54 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 18.98-22.11). The time loss injury rate (inclusive of injuries with participation restriction time ≥24 hours) was 9.28 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 8.23-10.33). The injury rate was higher in competition than practice (36.19 vs 17.97 per 1000 AEs; injury rate ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.69-2.40). Most injuries were to the head/face (competition, 20.6%; practice, 15.8%) and hand/wrist (competition, 18.8%; practice, 16.4%) and were diagnosed as contusions (competition, 30.9%; practice, 25.9%) and sprains (competition, 19.4%; practice, 12.6%). Competitions also had a large proportion of concussions (10.3%). Overall, 80.0% and 66.9% of injuries were due to contact in competition and practice, respectively; of these contact-related injuries, 62.1% and 41.6% were specifically player contact. Conclusion: Injury distributions parallel those found in previous research from middle school and other sport settings. Injury rates in middle school football were higher than those reported in previous findings in high school and college. However, caution must be taken when interpreting findings in relation to other surveillance systems with varying methodologies. Still, the findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies within middle school football, particularly as related to contact-related mechanisms.

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Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Tennis: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-529-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 766-772

Author(s):

Hannah J. Robison ◽

Adrian J. Boltz ◽

Sarah N. Morris ◽

Christy L. Collins ◽

Avinash Chandran

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Body Parts ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Time Loss ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Rate Ratios

Context The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored women's tennis programs since 1966. Women's tennis has risen in global prominence and popularity within the NCAA. Background Continued surveillance of athletic injuries in the NCAA is critical for identifying emerging injury trends and assessing injury prevention strategies. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 4.16 per 1000 athlete exposures. Injury to the shoulder, foot, and trunk were the most prevalent throughout the study period. Approximately 30% of all injury diagnoses were related to inflammatory conditions. Also, 32.1% of all injuries were time-loss injuries, and 45.0% of all injuries were non–time-loss injuries. Conclusions The findings of this study differed slightly from those of previous investigations, most notably with regard to injury rate by season segment and commonly injured body parts. Future surveillance efforts should attempt to capture the nuances of tennis competitions.

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Injury Prevention at North Queensland Cowboys 2012 - 2015

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967117s00198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (5_suppl5) ◽

pp. 2325967117S0019

Author(s):

John Maguire

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Knee Injury ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Significant Decline ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Serious Injury

Objectives: Review injury rates at North Queensland Cowboys and compare this to the league in general and finishing position. Methods: Injury statistics and surveillance body. Review shoulder and knee injury statistics from 2012 – 2016. Comparisons to rest of the competition and finishing position for the various seasons. Results: It has long been thought that to win premierships, injury rates are important. In 2012 North Queensland Cowboys finished in eight position. The injury rates at this time were high. 2011 signify high injury rates which led us to introduce prevention strategies for knee and shoulder injury based on FIFA 11+ format. There has been a significant decline in injury rates such that by 2015 we had the least injuries in the competition. This corresponds to finishing the season as premiers. During this period the only significant knee injuries occurred in players that were new to our system. Conclusion: The injury prevention strategies have worked well at our club. Significantly reducing our serious injury rates.

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Factors Associated With Noncontact Injury in Collegiate Soccer: A 12-Team Prospective Study of NCAA Division I Men’s and Women’s Soccer

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/03635465211036447 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652110364

Author(s):

Ryan M. Curtis ◽

Robert A. Huggins ◽

Courteney L. Benjamin ◽

Yasuki Sekiguchi ◽

Lindsey K. Lepley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Division I ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Sleep Behavior ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Women's Soccer

Background: Multiteam, multi-institution prospective studies of both women’s and men’s sports are essential for collectively investigating injury and primary to the generalization and individualization of injury prevention strategies. Hypothesis: Characteristics of workload, sleep, and contextual factors will be associated with injury risk in collegiate soccer athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Injuries, workload, and sleep characteristics were recorded daily throughout a complete season for 256 athletes from 12 separate National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s and women’s soccer teams. Workload and contextual factors were assessed via multilevel Poisson regression to capture differences in injury incidence rate ratio (IRR). Paired t test and multilevel logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between sleep behavior and injury. Results: Collegiate soccer athletes had lower rates of noncontact injury in the in-season (IRR, 0.42) and postseason (IRR, 0.48) compared with preseason, lower rates of injury in training (IRR, 0.64) compared with matches, and higher injury rates with only 1 day of rest in the previous week (IRR, 1.58) compared with >1 day. Injury rates peaked when training occurred 4 days before a match (IRR, 2.24) compared with a match. Injury rate increased exponentially with increases in the number of noncontact injuries incurred throughout the season (IRR, 2.23). Lower chronic loading, higher training monotony, and acute spikes and lulls in workload were associated with higher noncontact injury rates. Alterations in previous week sleep quality were associated with injury, while chronic sleep behavior and acute alterations (<7 days) in sleep behavior were not ( P > .05). Conclusion: Athlete and schedule-specific contextual factors, combined with characteristics of workload and weekly sleep behavior, are significantly associated with injury in collegiate soccer. Multiteam prospective cohort studies involving objective and subjective monitoring allow for the identification of multiple injury risk factors in sports, which can be used to guide injury prevention strategies. Maintaining higher chronic workloads, lowering training monotony, minimizing acute spikes or lulls in workloads, managing workloads during preseason and for athletes with previous injury, integrating more rest and recovery during congested periods, and optimizing sleep quality are all practical considerations for reducing injury risk in collegiate soccer.

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Movement Pattern Analysis of Layup, Jump Shot and Free Throw in Basketball

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijpr.2021.133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 3870-3875

Author(s):

Apurva Mathankar ◽

◽

Akanksha Saini ◽

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Movement Pattern ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Contact Sport ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Free Throw

Basketball sport originated as a non-contact sport but recently it has evolved into physically more challenging in which contact is accepted and expected. This transition of the sports has increased the injury rates substantially. Basketball includes multiple movements such as jumps, turns and change of direction, running and deceleration in its various movements of jump shot, free throw and layup shot. The complexities of these movements imposes various demands on basketball players, which makes it more important to know the health oriented aspects of the movement. This review explains the movement pattern analysis of these basketball specific movements in detail which can help the physiotherapist to plan the injury prevention strategies for their athletes. KEY WORDS: Basketball, Basketball Movements, Jump Shot, Layup Shot, Basketball Free Throw.

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Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Tennis: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-459-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 773-779

Author(s):

Hannah J. Robison ◽

Adrian J. Boltz ◽

Sarah N. Morris ◽

Christy L. Collins ◽

Avinash Chandran

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Injury Surveillance ◽

Lateral Ligament ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Injury Rates ◽

Rate Ratios

Context The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored men's tennis programs since 1982. The popularity of tennis has grown, as has sponsorship of men's tennis within NCAA institutions. Background Continued monitoring of athletic injuries is important for identifying emerging temporal patterns. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 4.41 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Lateral ligament complex tears of the ankle (8.5%) were the most reported injury. Trunk (15.1%) and shoulder (13.2%) injuries accounted for the largest proportions of all injuries. Noncontact and overuse were the most common mechanisms of injury among all reported injuries, together accounting for 69.4% of all injuries. Conclusions Findings of this study differed slightly from previous studies, most notably in specific injuries reported. Continued monitoring of specific injury incidence as well as greater participation in injury surveillance is needed to inform the development of nuanced injury prevention strategies for this population.

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