Capacity for social contingency detection continues to develop across adolescence

Basic capacity for social contingency detection continues to develop across adolescence

10.31234/osf.io/za7pg ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karlijn Hermans ◽

Olivia J Kirtley ◽

Zuzana Kasanova ◽

Robin Achterhof ◽

Noëmi Hagemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Capacity Development ◽

Social Cues ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Cognitive Measures ◽

Contingency Detection ◽

Interaction Dynamics ◽

Social Contingency ◽

Crossing Experiment ◽

Social Coordination

The main focus on individual social cognition in adolescence has prevented the study of the fundamental capacity to detect and respond to social cues, as this requires capturing interaction dynamics within dyads. To improve our understanding of basic social capacity development across adolescence, we used the Perceptual Crossing Experiment (PCE), to assess real-time social interaction in pairs of 208 adolescents. In comparing early, mid, and late adolescence, we found an overall higher performance of late adolescents on behavioural and cognitive measures of basic social capacity, while the reported awareness of implicitly established social interaction was overall lower in this group. In addition, late adolescents demonstrated faster improvement of behaviour throughout the experiment, compared with the other groups. Our results indicate that basic social capacity continues to develop throughout adolescence, which is expressed by faster social coordination on a behavioural level. This finding underscores dynamic social interaction within dyads as a new opportunity for identifying altered social development during adolescence.

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One-Month-Old Infants' Sensitivity to Social Contingency from Mothers and Strangers: A Pilot Study

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.102.1.293-298 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 293-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mako Okanda ◽

Shoji Itakura

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Contingency Detection ◽

Social Contingency

Whether 1-mo.-old infants were sensitive to social contingency of their mothers and strangers via a Double Video live-replay paradigm was studied. 8 infants were tested ( M age = 45.4 days, 50 = 7.4) to compare behavioral changes across conditions: a first contingency (Live 1), a noncontingent (Replay), and a second contingency (Live 2). Infants showed an increase in gaze during Replay, counter to expectation. Also, these infants could detect mothers' noncontingent responses but not those of strangers. The result suggests that detection and expectancy may be subcomponents of sensitivity to social contingency. Detection appeared first and seems basic, while expectancy in social contingency appeared later.

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Social contingency detection and infant development

Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic ◽

10.1521/bumc.65.3.347.19847 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 347-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Philippe R. Rochat

Keyword(s):

Infant Development ◽

Contingency Detection ◽

Social Contingency

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Sensitivity to interpersonal timing at 3 and 6 months of age

Interaction Studies ◽

10.1075/is.7.2.08str ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 251-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Tricia Striano ◽

Anne Henning ◽

Daniel Stahl

Keyword(s):

Visual Presentation ◽

Infant Behavior ◽

Temporal Delay ◽

Social Contingency ◽

Maternal Responses ◽

Live Presentation

Sensitivity to interpersonal timing was assessed in mother–infant interaction. In Study 1, 3-month-old infants interacted with their mothers over television and the mothers’ audio-visual presentation was either live or temporally delayed by 1 second. Infants gazed longer when the mother was presented live compared to delayed by 1 second, indicating that they detected the temporal delay. In Study 2, mothers interacted with their 3-month-old infants over television and the infants’ audio-visual presentation was either live or temporally delayed by 1 second. Mothers’ behavior was not altered by a 1-second delay in their infants’ behavior compared to a live presentation. In Study 3 and 4, the results were replicated with 6-month-old infants. Whereas infants detected the temporal delay in maternal responses, mothers likely adjusted to the delay in infant behavior. The discussion focuses on the role of interpersonal timing for detecting social contingency in dyadic and triadic communication.

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Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000309 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 3-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Miguel A. Vadillo ◽

Fernando Blanco ◽

Ion Yarritu ◽

Helena Matute

Keyword(s):

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

Contingency Learning ◽

Contingency Detection ◽

Dual Process Models ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Single Process

Abstract. Decades of research in causal and contingency learning show that people’s estimations of the degree of contingency between two events are easily biased by the relative probabilities of those two events. If two events co-occur frequently, then people tend to overestimate the strength of the contingency between them. Traditionally, these biases have been explained in terms of relatively simple single-process models of learning and reasoning. However, more recently some authors have found that these biases do not appear in all dependent variables and have proposed dual-process models to explain these dissociations between variables. In the present paper we review the evidence for dissociations supporting dual-process models and we point out important shortcomings of this literature. Some dissociations seem to be difficult to replicate or poorly generalizable and others can be attributed to methodological artifacts. Overall, we conclude that support for dual-process models of biased contingency detection is scarce and inconclusive.

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