scholarly journals Static and dynamic γ-motor output to ankle flexor muscles during locomotion in the decerebrate cat

2006 ◽  
Vol 571 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taylor ◽  
R. Durbaba ◽  
P. H. Ellaway ◽  
S. Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Output ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Flexor Muscles

scholarly journals Cortical motor output decreases after neuromuscular fatigue induced by electrical stimulation of the plantar flexor muscles

2015 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Alexandre ◽  
G. Derosiere ◽  
M. Papaiordanidou ◽  
M. Billot ◽  
A. Varray
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neuromuscular Fatigue ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Plantar Flexor Muscles ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Spontaneous Ventilation and Respiratory Motor Output During Carbachol-induced Atonia of REM Sleep in the Decerebrate Cat

SLEEP ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Tojima ◽  
Leszek Kubin ◽  
Hiroshi Kimura ◽  
Richard O. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Spontaneous Ventilation ◽  
Decerebrate Cat

Dynamic relations between natural vestibular inputs and activity of forelimb extensor muscles in the decerebrate cat. I. Motor output during sinusoidal linear accelerations

1977 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Anderson ◽  
John F. Soechting ◽  
Carlo A. Terzuolo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Output ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Dynamic Relations

Proprioceptive Modulation of Hip Flexor Activity During the Swing Phase of Locomotion in Decerebrate Cats

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Lam ◽  
Keir G. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Swing Phase ◽  
Burst Activity ◽  
Afferent Feedback ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Decerebrate Cat ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Flexor

This study examined the influence of proprioceptive input from hip flexor muscles on the activity in hip flexors during the swing phase of walking in the decerebrate cat. One hindlimb was partially denervated to remove cutaneous input and afferent input from most other hindlimb muscles. Perturbations to hip movement were applied either by 1) manual resistance or assistance to swing or by 2) resistance to hip flexion using a device that blocked hip flexion but allowed leg extension. Electromyographic recordings were made from the iliopsoas (IP), sartorius, and medial gastrocnemius muscles. When the hip was manually assisted into flexion, there was a reduction in hip flexor burst activity. Conversely, when hip flexion was manually resisted or mechanically blocked during swing, the duration and amplitude of hip flexor activity was increased. We also found some specificity in the role of afferents from individual hip flexor muscles in the modulation of flexor burst activity. If the IP muscle was detached from its insertion, little change in the response to blocking flexion was observed. Specific activation of IP afferent fibers by stretching the muscle also did not greatly affect flexor activity. On the other hand, if conduction in the sartorius nerves was blocked, there was a diminished response to blocking hip flexion. The increase in duration of the flexor bursts still occurred, but this increase was consistently lower than that observed when the sartorius nerves were intact. From these results we propose that during swing, feedback from hip flexor muscle afferents, particularly those from the sartorius muscles, enhances flexor activity. In addition, if we delayed the onset of flexor activity in the contralateral hindlimb, blocking hip flexion often resulted in the prolongation of ipsilateral flexor activity for long periods of time, further revealing the reinforcing effects of flexor afferent feedback on flexor activity. This effect was not seen if conduction in the sartorius nerves was blocked. In conclusion, we have found that hip flexor activity during locomotion can be strongly modulated by modifying proprioceptive feedback from the hip flexor muscles.

Motor output to deafferented forelimb extensors in the decerebrate cat during natural vestibular stimulation

1977 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Anderson ◽  
Alain Berthoz ◽  
John F. Soechting ◽  
Carlo A. Terzuolo
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Decerebrate Cat

Behavior in the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Monti ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Brain Insults ◽  
Brain Behavior

Recent evidence has suggested that functional neuroimaging may play a crucial role in assessing residual cognition and awareness in brain injury survivors. In particular, brain insults that compromise the patient’s ability to produce motor output may render standard clinical testing ineffective. Indeed, if patients were aware but unable to signal so via motor behavior, they would be impossible to distinguish, at the bedside, from vegetative patients. Considering the alarming rate with which minimally conscious patients are misdiagnosed as vegetative, and the severe medical, legal, and ethical implications of such decisions, novel tools are urgently required to complement current clinical-assessment protocols. Functional neuroimaging may be particularly suited to this aim by providing a window on brain function without requiring patients to produce any motor output. Specifically, the possibility of detecting signs of willful behavior by directly observing brain activity (i.e., “brain behavior”), rather than motoric output, allows this approach to reach beyond what is observable at the bedside with standard clinical assessments. In addition, several neuroimaging studies have already highlighted neuroimaging protocols that can distinguish automatic brain responses from willful brain activity, making it possible to employ willful brain activations as an index of awareness. Certainly, neuroimaging in patient populations faces some theoretical and experimental difficulties, but willful, task-dependent, brain activation may be the only way to discriminate the conscious, but immobile, patient from the unconscious one.

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