J-R Curves From Circumferentially Through-Wall-Cracked Pipe Tests Subjected to Combined Bending and Tension—Part II: Experimental and Analytical Validation

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Miura ◽  
G. M. Wilkowski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Η Factor ◽  
J Estimation

In Part I (Miura and Wilkowski, 1998) of this paper, the theory of the two η-factor solutions for circumferentially through-wall-cracked pipes subjected to combined bending and tension due to internal pressure was presented. These solutions seemed to give reasonable predictions by comparing with the existing simplified J-estimation scheme. It was also ascertained that the J would be underestimated if the effect of the internal pressure was not properly considered. Consequently, this paper presents the application of these solutions to full-scale pipe tests. The tests were performed at 288°C (550°F) under combined bending and internal pressure. The materials used for the tests were both carbon steel and stainless steel. The effect of combined loading on the J-R curves was determined and compared to C(T) specimen J-R curves. The solutions were then verified by using three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Optimization of Adhesively Bonded Spar-Wingskin Joints of Laminated FRP Composites Subjected to Pull-Off Load: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
S. Rakshe ◽  
S. V. Nimje ◽  
S. K. Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

A review on optimization of adhesively bonded spar-wingskin joint (SWJ) of laminated fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites subjected to pull-off load is presented in this article using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Von Mises stress components have been computed across the width of joint at different interfaces viz. load coupler-spar, and load coupler-wingskin interfaces. Further, the weight of SWJ structure is considered as the objective function which needs to be minimized for optimization. In the first step, the material and lamination scheme of the FRP composite materials used for SWJ are optimized, and, in the second step, the geometrical parameters have been optimized on the basis of minimum von Mises stress and weight. Further, the effects of the material, lamination scheme, and geometrical parameters on the von Mises stress and weight have been validated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach as prescribed by the Taguchi method. The results show that the material and spar thickness are the most significant factors influencing von Mises stress. The weight analysis reveals that there is a significant effect of change in material and wingskin thickness on SWJ performance. Suitable design recommendations have been made for SWJ in terms of material, lamination scheme and geometrical parameters.

Stability of Vertically Bent Pipelines Buried in Sand

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahel N. Abduljauwad ◽  
Hamdan N. Al-Ghamedy ◽  
Junaid A. Siddiqui ◽  
Ibrahim M. Asi ◽  
Naser A. Al-Shayea
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Minimum Cover ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

This paper discusses the stability of underground pipelines with preformed vertical bends buried in sandy soil. More specifically, the minimum cover height required to prevent the pipe from bowing under the action of forces due to temperature change and internal pressure is estimated. The variables considered include the pipe and soil materials, diameter, thickness, overburden height, bend radius, bend angle, internal pressure, fluid specific weight, and temperature variation. A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element analysis is carried out. The results are extracted from the output obtained. These results are put in a database which is used to develop general regression models to determine the relationships among the different variables. Different buckling modes are also considered. All of these results and models are entered into a computer software program for ready access.

Fracture Assessment Procedures for Steel Pipelines Using a Modified Reference Stress Solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tkaczyk ◽  
Noel P. O’Dowd ◽  
Kamran Nikbin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Reference Stress ◽  
Stress Solution ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

An accurate defect assessment procedure is needed to ensure integrity of girth welded steel pipelines while avoiding unnecessary repairs. An integral part of such a procedure is an estimation scheme for the crack driving force. In this work, a modified reference stress solution was developed for the assessment of elastic-plastic pipes with surface breaking defects. For the particular case of interest (reeled offshore pipelines), the loading is phrased in terms of applied strain. The stress-based approach has therefore been extended to the case of strain/displacement control. The results obtained using the modified reference stress solution have been compared with a three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Very good agreement has been obtained. The predictions are also significantly better than those obtained from existing approaches. A comparison between the proposed method and full scale testing will be presented in a separate paper.

Three-Dimensional Versus Axisymmetric Finite-Element Analysis of a Cylindrical Vessel Inlet Nozzle Subject to Internal Pressure—A Comparative Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Truitt ◽  
P. P. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

This paper presents a comparative study between a three-dimensional and an axisymmetric finite-element analysis of a reactor pressure-vessel inlet nozzle subject to internal pressure. A quarter-symmetric section of the nozzle is modeled with a three-dimensional quadratic isoparametric finite element. This comparative study proves that the axisymmetric analysis is unconservative if based upon common axisymmetric modeling techniques. This inadequacy, for the PWR vessel inlet nozzle studied herein, can be offset by a modification of the modeling techniques, i.e., if the value of the radius of the equivalent spherical vessel is taken as 3.2 instead of, say, 2. The results of the three-dimensional finite-element analysis are also compared with those of a photo-elastic stress analysis and with the stress indices indicated by the ASME Section III Code. These additional comparisons, based upon a continuous distribution of hoop and tangential stress indices in both the transverse and longitudinal planes, shows good agreement between the three-dimensional finite-element and photoelastic analyses. The ASME Section III stress indices are found to be relatively conservative.

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis on En-Masse Retraction of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth With Quantitative Combined Loading Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Hui Qie ◽  
Lingliang Kong ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sliding Method ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
En Masse Retraction

This study aims to elucidate the biomechanical effects of combined loading of maxillary anterior and posterior implants using the sliding method on en-masse retraction of the anterior teeth and to quantify the loading ratio (LR) of anterior and posterior implants to achieve controlled retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth. A three-dimensional finite element model of the maxilla-upper dentition appliance was constructed. Implants were placed on the distal (A) and mesial (B) sides of the lateral incisors as well as on the mesial (C) side of the first molar and different amounts of force were loaded between the implants using 2- or 5-mm traction hooks. The labiolingual movement of the anterior teeth was recorded and the relationship between the LR of the implants and the movement of the central incisors was evaluated. With 2-mm traction hooks, the central incisors exhibited a translation tendency during retraction at lower A/C and B/C LR and labial or lingual crown inclination at higher values. With 5-mm traction hooks, the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canine teeth exhibited a labial crown inclination. The results of this study suggest that 2-mm traction hooks can cause labial crown inclination, translation tendency during retraction, or lingual crown inclination of the central incisors due to alterations in the LR of the anterior and posterior implants. The central incisors only exhibited labial crown inclination during combined loading of the anterior and posterior implants when 5-mm traction hooks were used.

Fracture Assessment Procedures for Steel Pipelines Using a Modified Reference Stress Solution

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tkaczyk ◽  
Noel P. O’Dowd ◽  
Kamran Nikbin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Reference Stress ◽  
Stress Solution ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

An accurate defect assessment procedure is needed to ensure integrity of girth welded steel pipelines while avoiding unnecessary repairs. An integral part of such a procedure is an estimation scheme for the crack driving force. In this work, a modified reference stress solution was developed for the assessment of elastic-plastic pipes with surface breaking defects. For the particular case of interest (reeled offshore pipelines) the loading is phrased in terms of applied strain. The stress-based approach has therefore been extended to the case of strain/displacement control. The results obtained using the modified reference stress solution have been compared with a three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Very good agreement has been obtained. The predictions are also significantly better than those obtained from existing approaches. A comparison between the proposed method and full scale testing will be presented in a separate paper.

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