Turbulent Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in an Unsymmetrically Heated Triangular Duct

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. C. Altemani ◽  
E. M. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
Turbulent Airflow ◽  
Thermal Entrance

Experiments were performed to determine entrance-region and fully developed heat transfer characteristics for turbulent airflow in an unsymmetrically heated equilateral triangular duct; friction factors were also measured. Two of the walls were heated while the third was not directly heated. The resulting thermal boundary conditions consisted of uniform heating per unit axial length and circumferentially uniform temperature on the heated walls. Special techniques were employed to minimize extraneous heat losses, and numerical finite-difference solutions played an important role in both the design of the apparatus and in the data reduction. The thermal entrance lengths required to attain thermally developed conditions were found to increase markedly with the Reynolds number and were generally greater than those for conventional pipe flows—a behavior which can be attributed to the unsymmetric heating. The fully developed Nusselt numbers were compared with circular tube correlations from the literature, from which it was shown that the hydraulic diameter is not fully sufficient to rationalize the circular and noncircular duct results. However, excellent Nusselt number predictions were obtained by employing the Petukhov-Popou correlation in conjunction with the measured friction factors for the triangular duct. This approach may have general applicability for predicting noncircular duct heat transfer. The friction factor results also affirmed the inadequacies of the hydraulic diameter but supported a general noncircular duct correlation available in the literature.

scholarly journals Modelling turbulent heat transfer in rough channels using phenomenological theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2116 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
J W R Peeters
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Wall Roughness ◽  
Thermal Fields ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Rough Walls ◽  
Friction Factors

Abstract Rough walls are often encountered in industrial heat transfer equipment. Even though it is well known that a rough wall affects velocity fields and thermal fields differently (and therefore also skin friction factors and Stanton or Nusselt numbers), predicting the effect of rough walls on turbulent heat transfer remains difficult. A relation between the scalar spectrum and the Stanton number is derived for channels with both smooth and rough walls. It is shown that the new relation agrees reasonably well with recent DNS experiments for wall roughness sizes of k + < 150 and when Pr = 0.7 − 1.0. Under these conditions, a thermal analogue of Moody’s diagram can be created using the newly developed relation.

Periodically Converging-Diverging Tubes and Their Turbulent Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, Fluid Flow, and Enhancement Characteristics

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Souza Mendes ◽  
E. M. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Friction Factors

A comprehensive experimental study was performed to determine entrance region and fully developed heat transfer coefficients, pressure distributions and friction factors, and patterns of fluid flow in periodically converging and diverging tubes. The investigated tubes consisted of a succession of alternately converging and diverging conical sections (i.e., modules) placed end to end. Systematic variations were made in the Reynolds number, the taper angle of the converging and diverging modules, and the module aspect ratio. Flow visualizations were performed using the oil-lampblack technique. A performance analysis comparing periodic tubes and conventional straight tubes was made using the experimentally determined heat transfer coefficients and friction factors as input. For equal mass flow rate and equal transfer surface area, there are large enhancements of the heat transfer coefficient for periodic tubes, with accompanying large pressure drops. For equal pumping power and equal transfer surface area, enhancements in the 30–60 percent range were encountered. These findings indicate that periodic converging-diverging tubes possess favorable enhancement characteristics.

Turbulent Heat Transfer in an Enclosure With a Horizontal Permeable Plate in the Middle

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimilson J. Braga ◽  
Marcelo J. S. de Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Porous Plate ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Turbulent Natural Convection ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
Rayleigh Numbers

Turbulent natural convection in a vertical two-dimensional square cavity, isothermally heated from below and cooled at the upper surface, is numerically analyzed using the finite volume method. The enclosure has a thin horizontal porous obstruction, made of a highly porous material and extremely permeable, located at the cavity midheight. Governing equations are written in terms of primitive variables and are recast into a general form. For empty cavities, no discrepancies result for the Nusselt number when laminar and turbulent model solutions are compared for Rayleigh numbers up to 107. Also, in general the porous obstruction decreases the heat transfer across the heated walls showing overall lower Nusselt numbers when compared with those without the porous obstruction. However, the presence of a porous plate in the cavity seems to force an earlier separation from laminar to turbulence model solutions due to higher generation rates of turbulent kinetic energy into the porous matrix.

Turbulent Heat Transfer in Corrugated-Wall Channels With and Without Fins

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Amano ◽  
A. Bagherlee ◽  
R. J. Smith ◽  
T. G. Niess
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Visible Effect ◽  
Corrugated Wall

A numerical study is performed examining flow and heat transfer characteristics in a channel with periodically corrugated walls. The complexity of the flow in this type of channel is demonstrated by such phenomena as flow impingement on the walls, separation at the bend corners, flow reattachment, and flow recirculation. Because of the strong nonisotropic nature of the turbulent flow in the channel, the full Reynolds-stress model was employed for the evaluation of turbulence quantities. Computations are made for several different corrugation periods and for different Reynolds numbers. The results computed by using the present model show excellent agreement with experimental data for mean velocities, the Reynolds stresses, and average Nusselt numbers. The study was further extended to a channel flow where fins are inserted at bends in the channel. It was observed that the insertion of fins in the flow passage has a visible effect on flow patterns and skin friction along the channel wall.

Turbulent Heat Transfer Downstream of an Unsymmetric Blockage in a Tube

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Koram ◽  
E. M. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Tube Cross Section ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Prandtl Numbers

Pipe flow experiments were performed to study the heat transfer in the separation, reattachment, and redevelopment regions downstream of a wall-attached blockage in the form of a segmental orifice plate. Water was the working fluid, and the Reynolds number encompassed the range from about 10,000–60,000. The extent of the flow blockage was varied from one-fourth to three-fourths of the tube cross section. Heat transfer coefficients were determined both around the circumference of the uniformly heated tube and along its length. The axial distributions of the circumferential average Nusselt numbers show an initial increase, then attain a maximum, and subsequently decrease toward the fully developed regime. These Nusselt numbers are much higher than those for a conventional thermal entrance region. The unsymmetric blockage induces variations of the Nusselt number around the circumference of the tube. Axial distributions of the Nusselt number at various fixed angular positions reveal the presence of two types of maxima. One of these is associated with the reattachment of the flow and the other occurs due to the impingement of flow deflected by the blockage onto the tube wall. The circumferential variations decay with increasing downstream distance, but the rate of decay for the case of the smallest blockage is remarkably slow. Although most of the tests were performed for Pr = 4, supplementary experiments for Pr = 8 showed that the results are valid for a range of Prandtl numbers.

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