General Procedure for Analyzing Thick Shells of Irregular Shapes for Mechanical and Thermal Loading

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Bijlaard ◽  
R. J. Dohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
New Method ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Beam On Elastic Foundation ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Thick Shells ◽  
General Method

A general method is presented for analyzing thick shells of irregular shape for mechanical and thermal loading, allowing axial as well as radial thermal gradients. The method takes into account geometry flexibility. It is shown that, for thick shells also, the beam on elastic foundation approach is applicable. With the new method, pressure-vessel calculations can be greatly simplified and engineering man-hours substantially reduced.

The importance of measuring the sludge filterability at an MBR – introduction of a new method

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thiemig
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
New Method ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Sludge Properties ◽  
Operational Aspects ◽  
General Method

Sludge properties have a strong impact on the operational aspects of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Poor sludge properties cause stronger membrane fouling and reduce the filtration performance of MBRs. Up to now there is no general method used to measure the fouling or filtration relevant sludge properties in MBRs. The aim of this work was to develop a simple but reliable method to supply operators a tool to monitor the important sludge properties for their application and to compare this method with existing techniques. Through extensive research a new method called the sludge filtration index (SFI) has been developed to indicate the appropriate sludge parameters for MBR systems in a cheap and easy manner. The SFI can be measured with simple laboratory equipment and offers operators a powerful tool to monitor the conditions of their sludge, independent of the membrane conditions.

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