Discussion: “An Analysis of Critical Stresses and Mode of Failure of a Wire Rope” (Starkey, W. L., and Cress, H. A., 1959, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 81, pp. 307–311)

Many wire-rope manufacturers and machine designers are under the impression that the significant stress in a wire rope is the tensile stress, or possibly the stress due to tension and bending. This paper proves by mathematical analysis that by far the greatest stress in a wire rope results from Hertz contact stresses at points of contact of wire-on-wire, and asserts that the usual mode of failure of a wire rope is fretting-fatigue initiated at such points of contact. Design relationships based on these concepts should be of great value to designers who use wire rope.

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Discussion: “An Analysis of Critical Stresses and Mode of Failure of a Wire Rope” (Starkey, W. L., and Cress, H. A., 1959, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 81, pp. 307–311)

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.4008334 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 312-316

Author(s):

C. M. Zerr

Keyword(s):

Wire Rope ◽

Critical Stresses ◽

Mode Of Failure

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Discussion: “An Analysis of Critical Stresses and Mode of Failure of a Wire Rope” (Starkey, W. L., and Cress, H. A., 1959, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 81, pp. 307–311)

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.4008333 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 311-312

Author(s):

F. O. Ringleb

Keyword(s):

Wire Rope ◽

Critical Stresses ◽

Mode Of Failure

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Contact Stresses in Multilayered Strands Under Tension and Torsion1

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.1355777 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

K. Kumar ◽

J. Botsis

Keyword(s):

Wire Rope ◽

Contact Stresses ◽

Metallic Wire ◽

Linear Deformation ◽

Closed Form Solutions ◽

Critical Stresses ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Analytical Expressions ◽

Maximum Contact ◽

Theoretical Results

First, an attempt is made to experimentally test the validity of the linear deformation derivative results earlier developed for the multilayered wire-rope strands under tension and torsion. The theoretical results are next utilized to obtain analytical expressions for the maximum contact stresses induced in the multilayered strands with metallic wire core. These closed-form solutions provide some useful design insights into the influence of several important cable parameters and material properties on the resulting contact stresses. The strong influence of the material modulus of elasticity on the critical stresses is highlighted. Significantly, the analysis brings out how the contact stresses can rise to an order of magnitude higher levels than that of the nominal stresses.

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A Comparative Study of Fractographic Replicas

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052845 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 566-567

Author(s):

Loren Anderson ◽

Pat Pizzo ◽

Glen Haydon

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Direct Examination ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Service Failures ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Mode Of Failure ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscopy of replicas has long been used to study the fracture surfaces of components which fail in service. Recently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gained popularity because it allows direct examination of the fracture surface. However, the somewhat lower resolution of the SEM coupled with a restriction on the sample size has served to limit the use of this instrument in investigating in-service failures. It is the intent of this paper to show that scanning electron microscopic examination of conventional negative replicas can be a convenient and reliable technique for determining mode of failure.

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