Effects of tensile stress on electrochemical characteristics and structural morphology of P110SS steels in carbon dioxide-saturated solution

A high-temperature autoclave was used to grow CO2 corrosion-product films on P110SS steel specimens while the surface of the specimens was continuously subjected to tensile stress in a four-point bending jig; the autoclaving times were 6, 18, 36, and 72 h. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface topography of the corrosion-product films formed on the P110SS steels. An X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the phase compositions of the corrosion products. The electrochemical performance of the films was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The results showed that tensile stress could hinder the formation of corrosion-product films; the integrity and compactness of the films worsened, but the phase compositions of the films did not change. The applied tensile stress resulted in a smaller grain size of the corrosion-product films, and the grain boundaries increased. In addition, owing to the induced tensile stress, the charge transfer resistances decreased, and the corrosion current densities increased for the P110SS steels with corrosion-product films in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution saturated with CO2.

Microstructures and High-Temperature Properties of Sm-Modified Mg-4Al-4RE Alloy

The effect of Sm on the microstructure and tensile properties of Mg-4Al-4 (La, Ce) alloy was studied. The Mg-4Al-4 (La, Ce) alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg and Al11(La, Ce)3. With the addition of Sm, a new phase of Al2(La, Ce, Sm) was revealed in the alloy. The results showed that at room temperature (RT), after Sm addition, the ultimate tensile stress and the elongation decreased, while the yield stress increased slightly; the elongation increased with the Sm addition and the yield stress was basically the same, but the ultimate tensile stress decreased at an elevated temperature of 150 °C. The change in the mechanical properties of the alloy was mainly related to the change in microstructure and phase. With the increase in Sm content, the volume fraction of Al2(La, Ce, Sm) phase increased and the Al11(La, Ce)3 eutectic volume fraction decreased significantly, which led to a change in the mechanical properties of the alloy. The 1 wt.%Sm-addition alloy exhibited greater elongation than the Sm-free alloys.

Experimental Investigation on Deterioration Mechanisms of Concrete under Tensile Stress-Chloride Ion-Carbon Dioxide Multiple Corrosion Environment

The adverse effects of a hostile marine environment on concrete structures inevitably result in great economic loss and may contribute to catastrophic failure. There is limited information on the durability of concrete in a tensile stress-chloride ion-carbon dioxide (TCC) multiple-corrosion environment. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of a TCC multiple-corrosion environment on concrete considering three coupled factors of compressive strength, Cl− penetration, and carbonation. Dry–wet cycle tests were conducted to determine the strength degradation and Cl− penetration concentration of concrete in a hostile multiple-corrosion marine environment. The results show that the effects of water-soluble chloride ions (Cl−), carbon dioxide (CO2), and tensile stress on concrete are not a simple superposition, but involve obvious interaction. The compressive strength of a concrete specimen first increases and then decreases in chlorine salt-carbon tests. The Cl− concentration and tensile stress affect the carbonation depth of concrete, which increases with an increase in Cl− concentration, and with the application of tensile stress. The Cl− concentration has an obvious effect on the carbonation depth. In addition to experimental observations, a stepwise regression equation was established based on the multiple linear regression theory. A correlation analysis considering different factors was conducted to reflect the corrosion results more directly.

Galvanic Corrosion Study between Tensile-Stressed and Non-Stressed Carbon Steels in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution

The present study investigated the galvanic effect between tensile-stressed and non-stressed carbon steels, in addition to the influence of the tensile stress on the passivation and corrosion behavior of steel in a simulated concrete pore solution. Three different levels of tensile stress, ranging from elastic to plastic stress on the surface, were applied by adjusting the displacement of C-shape carbon steel rings. Different electrochemical measurements including the open circuit potential (OCP), the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the zero-resistance ammetry (ZRA), and the cyclic polarization were performed. Based on the results of EIS, the tensile stress degraded the resistance of the oxide film in moderate frequencies while enhancing the charge transfer resistance in low frequencies during passivation. As corrosion propagated, the stressed steel yielded a similar charge transfer resistance to or an even lower charge transfer resistance than the non-stressed steel, especially in the case of plastic tensile stress. The galvanic effect between the tensile-stressed and non-stressed steels increased the chloride threshold value of the tensile-stressed steel, although the susceptibility to pitting corrosion was exhibited after being corroded.

Tensile Properties of 3D-printed Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics

Obtaining parts made of composite materials through 3D Printing Additive manufacturing have fully proved their usefulness due to a number of advantages such as: the possibility to directly create complex shapes without going through the classic process of transforming the semi-finished products into finished parts through technologies which consume resources and energy and are totally unfriendly to the environment. The main disadvantage of the parts made by 3D Printing technologies is that they are less resistant from a mechanical point of view. This was solved with the emergence of the 3D printers capable of printing composite parts consisting of a plastic matrix reinforced with continuous fibers. This research focuses on studying 4 types of composite materials from the point of view of their mechanical properties: Onyx - a rigid nylon in which micro carbon fibers are inserted and Onyx reinforced with carbon, fiber glass or kevlar. Standardized specimens were made for the uniaxial tensile test and the experimental program was designed evaluating: the Elastic modulus [GPa], the Maximum Tensile stress [MPa], the Tensile strain at maximum Tensile stress [mm/mm]. The principal strains were also determined, by means of the digital image technique made using the Aramis system from GOM. The experimental tests confirm that these new materials will be serious candidates to be used in the engineering applications in various fields.

EFFECT OF WELDING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON TENSILE OF LOW CARBON STEEL 283 G.C

In this study, three welding methods are used. The purpose to investigation the effects of SMAW, SAW, and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on the tensile stress of low carbon steel conforming to ASTM 283 c. 8mm thick plates are used as base material for butt welded joints. The tensile properties of the welded joints were evaluated and the results were compared by experts using the Taguchi method to design three levels of each parameter (current, voltage and displacement speed). From this research, it is found that compared to metal shielded arc welding and submerged arc welding, the pulling effect of the gas shielded welding joint of the tungsten electrode is the best. This is mainly due to the presence of The results of using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to estimate important parameters show that welding current and speed of the weld have a significant effect on tensile stress .the experimental results are in agreement with predicted results, and the maximum error is 3%..

Investigating the histological and structural properties of tendon gel as an artificial biomaterial using the film model method in rabbits

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the properties of tendon gel by investigating the histological and structural differences among tendon gels under different preservation periods using a rabbit model. Methods Forty mature female rabbits were divided into four groups, each containing ten rabbits, on the basis of in-vivo preservation periods of tendon gels (3, 5, 10, and 15 days). We created the Achilles tendon rupture models using the film model method to obtain tendon gels. Tensile stress was applied to the tendon gel to promote maturation. Histological and structural evaluations of the tendon gel were performed before and after applying the tensile force, and the results obtained from the four groups were compared. Results Although the day-3 and day-5 tendon gels before applying tensile stress were histologically more immature than the day-10 and day-15 gels, type I collagen fibers equivalent to those of normal tendons were observed in all groups after the tensile process. Based on the surface and molecular structural evaluations, the day-3 tendon gels after the tensile process were molecularly cross-linked, and thick collagen fibers similar to those present in normal tendons were observed. Structural maturation observed in the day-3 tendon gels caused by traction was hardly observed in the day-5, -10, and -15 tendon gels. Conclusions The day-3 tendon gel had the highest regenerative potential to become a normal tendon by applying a traction force.

‎‏FINDING PERCENTAGE OF BREAKDOWN STIMULATION OF ALUMINUM WIRES THAT OPERATES IN A CORROSIVE MEDIUM

The study of the duration of mechanical resistance to static tensile stress (withstand time) for an aluminum wire that being suffers from the corrosion effect stimulated by stray currents at different temperatures. Test device was designed and produced locally "in advance" in accordance with the specification (ASTM G103 - 97) to create static tensile stress of (1 N) on an aluminum wire of type ASTM (B231/B231M) with particular dimensions and utilized in the transmission of electrical energy, and when the wire is surrounded by a corrosive environment (NaCl solution) (3.5 % NaCl) at three different temperatures (25, 50, and 75 ° C) without any external electrical current causing corrosion; this symbolizes stray currents. Then compare the findings of that example to the results of the same wire's withstand time in the presence of an external electrical current generated by corrosion of type (D.C) by (5V & 3A). Following that, the resulting diagrams were analyzed, and it was discovered that the wire resistivity time (without the existence of stray currents and at a temperature of 25 ° C) completed (17 days), which is the longest duration of endure, and the lowest time of resistivity or resistance period (in the existence of an external electric current) is (18 hr.).Impact of (stray currents) at (75 ° C), and this is an indicator of the stray currents with corrosive environment temperatures on the resistance period (withstand duration) in the existence of static stress. The total stimulation increase is 1.9% between corrosion at 75°C and 25°C.