A Comparative Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on Flamelet-Generated Manifold and Steady Laminar Flamelet Modeling for Turbulent Flames

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Nakod ◽  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Pravin Rajeshirke ◽  
Stefano Orsino
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Turbulent Flames ◽  
Jet Flames ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Flamelet Generated Manifold ◽  
Vitiated Coflow ◽  
Laminar Flamelet

The laminar flamelet model (LFM) (Peters, 1986, “Laminar Diffusion Flamelet Models in Non-Premixed Combustion,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 10, pp. 319–339; Peters, “Laminar Flamelet Concepts in Turbulent Combustion,” Proc. Combust. Inst., 21, pp. 1231–1250) represents the turbulent flame brush using statistical averaging of laminar flamelets whose structure is not affected by turbulence. The chemical nonequilibrium effects considered in this model are due to local turbulent straining only. In contrast, the flamelet-generated manifold (FGM) (van Oijen and de Goey, 2000, “Modeling of Premixed Laminar Flames Using Flamelet-Generated Manifolds,” Combust. Sci. Technol., 161, pp. 113–137) model considers that the scalar evolution; the realized trajectories on the thermochemical manifold in a turbulent flame are approximated by the scalar evolution similar to that in a laminar flame. This model does not involve any assumption on flame structure. Therefore, it can be successfully used to model ignition, slow chemistry, and quenching effects far away from the equilibrium. In FGM, 1D premixed flamelets are solved in reaction-progress space rather than physical space. This helps better solution convergence for the flamelets over the entire mixture fraction range, especially with large kinetic mechanisms at the flammability limits (ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 Theory Guide Help Document, http://www.ansys.com). In the present work, a systematic comparative study of the FGM model with the LFM for four different turbulent diffusion/premixed flames is presented. The first flame considered in this work is methane-air flame with dilution air at the downstream. The second and third flames considered are jet flames in a coaxial flow of hot combustion products from a lean premixed flame called Cabra lifted H2 and CH4 flames (Cabra, et al., 2002, “Simultaneous Laser Raman-Rayleigh-LIF Measurements and Numerical Modeling Results of a Lifted Turbulent H2/N2 Jet Flame in a Vitiated Coflow,” Proc. Combust. Inst., 29(2), pp. 1881–1888; Lifted CH4/Air Jet Flame in a Vitiated Coflow, http://www.me.berkeley.edu/cal/vcb/data/VCMAData.html) where the reacting flow associated with the central jet exhibits similar chemical kinetics, heat transfer, and molecular transport as recirculation burners without the complex recirculating fluid mechanics. The fourth flame considered is a Sandia flame D (Barlow et al., 2005, “Piloted Methane/Air Jet Flames: Scalar Structure and Transport Effects,” Combust. Flame, 143, pp. 433–449), a piloted methane-air jet flame. It is observed that the simulation results predicted by the FGM model are more physical and accurate compared to the LFM in all the flames presented in this work. The autoignition-controlled flame lift-off is also captured well in the cases of lifted flames using the FGM model.

A Comparative CFD Study on Flamelet Generated Manifold and Steady Laminar Flamelet Modeling for Turbulent Flames

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Nakod ◽  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Pravin Rajeshirke ◽  
Stefano Orsino
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Turbulent Flames ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Flamelet Generated Manifold ◽  
Laminar Flamelet

Laminar Flamelet Model (LFM) [1–2] represents the turbulent flame brush using statistical averaging of laminar flamelets whose structure is not affected by turbulence. The chemical non-equilibrium effects considered in this model are due to local turbulent straining only. In contrast, Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) [3] model considers that the scalar evolution, the realized trajectories on the thermo-chemical manifold in a turbulent flame is approximated by the scalar evolution similar to that in a laminar flame. This model does not involve any assumption on flame structure. Therefore, it can be successfully used to model ignition, slow chemistry and quenching effects far away from the equilibrium. In FGM, 1D premixed flamelets are solved in reaction-progress space rather than physical space. This helps better solution convergence for the flamelets over the entire mixture fraction range, especially with large kinetic mechanisms at the flammability limits [4]. In the present work, a systematic comparative study of FGM model with LFM for four different turbulent diffusion/premixed flames is presented. First flame considered in this work is methane-air flame with dilution air at the downstream. Second and third flame considered are jet flames in a coaxial flow of hot combustion products from a lean premixed flame called Cabra lifted H2 and CH4 flames [5–6] where the reacting flow associated with the central jet exhibits similar chemical kinetics, heat transfer and molecular transport as recirculation burners without the complex recirculating fluid mechanic. The fourth flame considered is Sandia flame D [7], a piloted methane-air jet flame. It is observed that the simulation results predicted by FGM model are more physical and accurate compared to LFM in all the flames presented in this work.

Numerical Computation of a Turbulent Lifted Flame Using Flamelet Generated Manifold With Different Progress Variable Definitions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Pravin Nakod
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Scalar Dissipation ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Progress Variable ◽  
Lifted Flame ◽  
Flamelet Generated Manifold ◽  
Laminar Flamelet

Dimension reduction is a popular and attractive approach for modeling turbulent reacting flow incorporating finite rate chemistry effects. One of the earliest and most popular approaches in this category is the Laminar Flamelet Model (LFM), which represents the turbulent flame brush using statistical averaging of laminar flamelets whose structure is not affected by turbulence. The other common reduction approach is the intrinsic low dimensional manifold (ILDM). While, the LFM has limitations in predicting the non-equilibrium effects, the ILDM model suffers in the prediction of the low temperature kinetics. A combination of the two approaches where flamelet based manifold are generated called, Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model considers that the scalar evolution in a turbulent flame can be approximated by the scalar evolution similar to that in a laminar flame. This model does not involve any assumption on flame structure. Therefore, it can be successfully used to model ignition, slow chemistry and quenching effects, which are far away from equilibrium. In the FGM, the manifold can be created using different flame configurations. For premixed flames, 1D unstrained flamelets are solved in reaction-progress space. In the case of diffusion flames, a counter flow configuration is used to generate a series of steady flamelets with increasing scalar dissipation and also an unsteady laminar flamelet is generated to create the diffusion FGM manifold. In the present work, a diffusion flamelet based FGM model is compared with the FGM model using premixed unstrained flamelet configurations. The performance and predictive capabilities of the two approaches are compared for a turbulent lifted methane flame in a diluted hot co-flow environment, where the reacting flow associated with the central jet exhibits similar chemical kinetics, heat transfer and molecular transport as recirculation burners without the complex recirculating fluid structures. It is observed that though the diffusion flamelet based FGM predicts a lifted flame, but the lift off height is lower compared to the premixed configuration. A parametric study with different normalization for the progress variable is done to study its impact on the flame characteristics and the manifold created. Finally, the computations are performed for different definitions of the progress variable from previously published works. It is seen that the results are sensitive to the various progress variable definitions, particularly when the number of species are higher and involve different time scales.

Influence of Burner Material, Tip Temperature, and Geometrical Flame Configuration on Flashback Propensity of H2-Air Jet Flames

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixuan Duan ◽  
Brendan Shaffer ◽  
Vincent McDonell ◽  
Georg Baumgartner ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer
Keyword(s):  
Jet Flames ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Flame Burner ◽  
Negative Impacts

Flashback is a key operability issue for low emission premixed combustion systems operated on high hydrogen content fuels. Previous work investigated fuel composition impacts on flashback propensity and found that burner tip temperature was important in correlating flashback data in premixed jet flames. An enclosure around the jet flame was found to enhance the flame–burner rim interaction. The present study further addresses these issues using a jet burner with various geometric configurations and interchangeable materials. Systematic studies addressing the quantitative influence of various parameters such as tip temperature, burner material, enclosure size, and burner diameter on flashback propensity were carried out. A comprehensive overview of the flashback limits for all conditions tested in the current study as well as those published previously is given. The collective results indicate that the burner materials, tip temperature, and flame confinement play significant roles for flashback propensity and thus help explain previous scatter in flashback data. Furthermore, the present work indicates that the upstream flame propagation during flashback is affected by the burner material. The material with lower thermal conductivity yields larger flashback propensity but slower flame regression inside the tube. These observations can be potentially exploited to minimize the negative impacts of flashback in practical applications.

Steady-State Simulation of a Methane-Air Partially Premixed Turbulent Flame

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Goldin ◽  
Dipankar Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Equilibrium Mixture ◽  
Flamelet Model ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Partially Premixed Flame ◽  
Steady State Simulation ◽  
Laminar Flamelet

Abstract Two steady-state simulations of a benchmark (Sandia Flame D) methane-air, turbulent, partially premixed flame are compared. The first uses an equilibrium mixture fraction model for the thermo-chemistry, while the second uses a steady, strained laminar-flamelet model. These non-premixed combustion models are coupled with a premixed reaction progress model to simulate a partially premixed jet flame. The laminar-flamelet approach predicts CO and H2 more accurately than the equilibrium model by accounting for the unbumt premixed stream within individual flamelets, and improved radical (such as OH) predictions by incorporating non-equilibrium chemistry effects due aerodynamic strain (fluid shear).

Influence of Burner Material, Tip Temperature and Geometrical Flame Configuration on Flashback Propensity of H2-Air Jet Flames

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixuan Duan ◽  
Brendan Shaffer ◽  
Vincent McDonell ◽  
Georg Baumgartner ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer
Keyword(s):  
Jet Flames ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Flame Burner ◽  
Negative Impacts

Flashback is a key operability issue for low emission premixed combustion systems operated on high hydrogen content fuels. Previous work investigated fuel composition impacts on flashback propensity and found that burner tip temperature was important in correlating flashback data in premixed jet flames. An enclosure around the jet flame was found to enhance the flame-burner rim interaction. The present study further addresses these issues using a jet burner with various geometric configurations and interchangeable materials. Systematic studies addressing the quantitative influence of various parameters such as tip temperature, burner material, enclosure size, and burner diameter on flashback propensity were carried out. A comprehensive overview of the flashback limits for all conditions tested in the current study as well as those published previously is given. The collective results indicate that the burner materials, tip temperature and flame confinement play significant roles for flashback propensity and thus help explain previous scatter in flashback data. Furthermore, the present work indicates that the upstream flame propagation during flashback is affected by the burner material. The material with lower thermal conductivity yields larger flashback propensity but slower flame regression inside the tube. These observations can be potentially exploited to minimize the negative impacts of flashback in practical applications.

Fuel Variation Effects in Propagation and Stabilization of Turbulent Counter-Flow Premixed Flames

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Abbasi-Atibeh ◽  
Sandeep Jella ◽  
Jeffrey M. Bergthorson
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Mass Diffusion ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Turbulent Flames ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Flame Surface ◽  
Differential Diffusion ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed

Sensitivity to stretch and differential diffusion of chemical species are known to influence premixed flame propagation, even in the turbulent environment where mass diffusion can be greatly enhanced. In this context, it is convenient to characterize flames by their Lewis number (Le), a ratio of thermal-to-mass diffusion. The work reported in this paper describes a study of flame stabilization characteristics when the Le is varied. The test data is comprised of Le ≪ 1 (Hydrogen), Le ≈ 1 (Methane), and Le > 1 (Propane) flames stabilized at various turbulence levels. The experiments were carried out in a Hot exhaust Opposed-flow Turbulent Flame Rig (HOTFR), which consists of two axially-opposed, symmetric turbulent round jets. The stagnation plane between the two jets allows the aerodynamic stabilization of a flame, and clearly identifies fuel influences on turbulent flames. Furthermore, high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), using oil droplet seeding, allowed simultaneous recordings of velocity (mean and rms) and flame surface position. These experiments, along with data processing tools developed through this study, illustrated that in the mixtures with Le ≪ 1, turbulent flame speed increases considerably compared to the laminar flame speed due to differential diffusion effects, where higher burning rates compensate for the steepening average velocity gradient, and keeps these flames almost stationary as bulk flow velocity increases. These experiments are suitable for validating the ability of turbulent combustion models to predict lifted, aerodynamically-stabilized flames. In the final part of this paper, we model the three fuels at two turbulence intensities using the FGM model in a RANS context. Computations reveal that the qualitative flame stabilization trends reproduce the effects of turbulence intensity, however, more accurate predictions are required to capture the influences of fuel variations and differential diffusion.

Liftoff behaviors and flame structure of dimethyl ether jet flame in CH4/air vitiated coflow

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fu ◽  
Fengyu Li ◽  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
Bolun Yi ◽  
Yanju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Jet Flames ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Vitiated Coflow

The objective of this paper is to investigate the flame structure and liftoff behaviors of a dimethyl ether central jet in CH4/air vitiated coflow in a coflow burner. The liftoff behaviors of dimethyl ether jet flames in the air flow were studied firstly. The flame stability of the burner was analyzed by measuring the flow field temperature with thermocouples. By changing the coflow rate and CH4 equivalence ratio, the liftoff behaviors of dimethyl ether jet flames under different vitiated coflow environments were discussed. The jet flame structure was also analyzed qualitatively by high-speed photography.

Laminar Flame Calculations for Analyzing Trends in Autoignitive Jet Flames in a Hot and Vitiated Coflow

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 8680-8690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Medwell ◽  
Michael J. Evans ◽  
Qing N. Chan ◽  
Viswanath R. Katta
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Jet Flames ◽  
Vitiated Coflow

A Hybrid Flamelet Generated Manifold Model for Modeling Partially Premixed Turbulent Combustion Flames

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Ashoke De ◽  
Sandeep Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Flamelet Generated Manifold ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
And Diffusion

In this work, a hybrid Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) method has been implemented in which both premixed and diffusion based laminar flame manifolds are generated independently and used within one solution framework to capture the multiple combustion regimes inside a combustor. The two manifolds are generated by solving the conservation of species and energy in a transformed space of mixture fraction and progress variable. The mixture averaged properties in a combustor are then calculated using a scalar weighted contribution of premixed and diffusion manifolds. This scalar represents the extent of premixing inside the combustor and its normalized value is obtained from a scalar product of the mean gradients of fuel and oxidizer mass fractions. A volume-weighted smoothing is performed on this normalized scalar to ensure smooth transition between the premixed to diffusion regimes and vice-versa, from one location to another location inside the combustor. This hybrid or multi-regime FGM approach is validated for two turbulent CH4-air partially premixed flames. The first flame chosen in the current work is a lifted turbulent flame, while the second flame is pilot-stabilized flame. First, the computations are performed for premixed- and diffusion-based laminar manifolds and then the results with hybrid models are presented. The results of the hybrid approach are compared for predicting the lift-off height, which is driven by the balance of turbulence and kinetics at any location. It is observed that the hybrid model leads to an improvement in the prediction of the lift-off height prediction. The new hybrid model is a generic representation of the FGM modeling, which enables its use without any a priori need to focus on a specific type of manifold creation for any combustor.

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