Does Wrist Laxity Influence Three-Dimensional Carpal Bone Motion?

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Best ◽  
Michelle L. Zec ◽  
David R. Pichora ◽  
Robin N. Kamal ◽  
Michael J. Rainbow
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Carpal Kinematics ◽  
Carpal Mechanics

Previous two-dimensional (2D) studies have shown that there is a spectrum of carpal mechanics that varies between row-type motion and column-type motion as a function of wrist laxity. More recent three-dimensional (3D) studies have suggested instead that carpal bone motion is consistent across individuals. The purpose of this study was to use 3D methods to determine whether carpal kinematics differ between stiffer wrists and wrists with higher laxity. Wrist laxity was quantified using a goniometer in ten subjects by measuring passive wrist flexion–extension (FE) range of motion (ROM). In vivo kinematics of subjects' scaphoid and lunate with respect to the radius were computed from computed tomography (CT) volume images in wrist radial and ulnar deviation positions. Scaphoid and lunate motion was defined as “column-type” if the bones flexed and extended during wrist radial–ulnar deviation (RUD), and “row-type” if the bones radial–ulnar deviated during wrist RUD. We found that through wrist RUD, the scaphoid primarily flexed and extended, but the scaphoids of subjects with decreased laxity had a larger component of RUD (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.05). We also determined that the posture of the scaphoid in the neutral wrist position predicts wrist radial deviation (RD) ROM (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.05). These results suggest that ligament laxity plays a role in affecting carpal bone motion of the proximal row throughout radial and ulnar deviation motions; however, other factors such as bone position may also affect motion. By developing a better understanding of normal carpal kinematics and how they are affected, this will help physicians provide patient-specific approaches to different wrist pathologies.

Three-dimensional kinematics of the lunate, hamate, capitate and triquetrum with type 1 or 2 lunate morphology

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Abe ◽  
Hisao Moritomo ◽  
Kunihiro Oka ◽  
Kazuomi Sugamoto ◽  
Kenji Kasubuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Carpal Kinematics ◽  
Throwing Motion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in three-dimensional carpal kinematics between type 1 and 2 lunates. We studied 15 instances of wrist flexion to extension (nine type 1, six type 2), 13 of radial to ulnar deviation (seven type 1, six type 2), and 12 of dart-throwing motion (six each of type 1 and 2) in 25 normal participants based on imaging with computerized tomography. Mean proximal translation of the distal articular midpoint of the triquetrum relative to type 2 lunates during wrist radioulnar deviation was 2.9 mm (standard deviation (SD) 0.7), which was significantly greater than for type 1 lunates, 1.6 mm (SD 0.6). The hamate contacted the lunate in ulnar deviation and ulnar flexion of wrists with type 2 lunates but not with type 1. We conclude that the four-corner kinematics of the wrist joint are different between type 1 and 2 lunates.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Capitate Kinematics are Eliminated After Accounting for Variation in Carpal Size

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rainbow ◽  
Joseph J. Crisco ◽  
Douglas C. Moore ◽  
Scott W. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Best Fit

Previous studies have found gender differences in carpal kinematics, and there are discrepancies in the literature on the location of the flexion∕extension and radio-ulnar deviation rotation axes of the wrist. It has been postulated that these differences are due to carpal bone size differences rather than gender and that they may be resolved by normalizing the kinematics by carpal size. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in radio-capitate kinematics are a function of size or gender. We also sought to determine if a best-fit pivot point (PvP) describes the radio-capitate joint as a ball-and-socket articulation. By using an in vivo markerless bone registration technique applied to computed tomography scans of 26 male and 28 female wrists, we applied scaling derived from capitate length to radio-capitate kinematics, characterized by a best-fit PvP. We determined if radio-capitate kinematics behave as a ball-and-socket articulation by examining the error in the best-fit PvP. Scaling PvP location completely removed gender differences (P=0.3). This verifies that differences in radio-capitate kinematics are due to size and not gender. The radio-capitate joint did not behave as a perfect ball and socket because helical axes representing anatomical motions such as flexion-extension, radio-ulnar deviation, dart throwers, and antidart throwers, were located at distances up to 4.5mm from the PvP. Although the best-fit PvP did not yield a single center of rotation, it was still consistently found within the proximal pole of the capitate, and rms errors of the best-fit PvP calculation were on the order of 2mm. Therefore, the ball-and-socket model of the wrist joint center using the best-fit PvP is appropriate when considering gross motion of the hand with respect to the forearm such as in optical motion capture models. However, the ball-and-socket model of the wrist is an insufficient description of the complex motion of the capitate with respect to the radius. These findings may aid in the design of wrist external fixation and orthotics.

An In-Vivo Study of Normal Wrist Kinematics

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Brumbaugh ◽  
R. D. Crowninshield ◽  
W. F. Blair ◽  
J. G. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Common

The motion of the hand relative to a reference frame embedded in the radius is described using the screw displacement axis (SDA) concept. A three-dimensional sonic digitizer was utilized in a study of the dominant wrist of 15 normal subjects to determine the location and orientation of the SDAs based on the endpoints of flexion-extension motion (FEM) and radial-ulnar deviation (RUD) of the hand. The length of the common perpendicular between the SDAs of FEM and RUD was as large as 6 mm in some individuals; however, in some subjects the FEM SDA was distal of the RUD SDA while in others it was proximal. Considering the group of 15 subjects, the SDAs of FEM and RUD for the normal group nearly intersect in the head of the capitate in the neutrally positioned wrist and forearm.

Kinematic Accuracy of Three Surface Registration Methods in a Three-Dimensional Wrist Bone Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Neu ◽  
R. D. McGovern ◽  
J. J. Crisco
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Registration ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Kinematic Accuracy ◽  
In Vivo Kinematics ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Carpal Kinematics ◽  
Translation Errors

The use of registration techniques to determine motion transformations noninvasively has become more widespread with the increased availability of the necessary software. In this study, three surface registration techniques were used to generate carpal bone kinematic results from a single cadaveric wrist specimen. Surface contours were extracted from specimen computed tomography volume images of the forearm, carpal, and metacarpal bones in four arbitrary positions. Kinematic results from each of three registration techniques were compared with results derived from multiple spherical markers fixed to the specimen. Kinematic accuracy was found to depend on the registration method and bone size and shape. In general, rotation errors of the capitate and scaphoid were less than 0.5 deg for all three techniques. Rotation errors for the other bones were generally less than 2 deg, although error for the trapezoid was greater than 2 deg in one technique. Translation errors of the bones were generally less than 1 mm, although errors of the trapezoid and trapezium were greater than 1 mm for two techniques. Tradeoffs existed in each registration method between image processing time and overall kinematic accuracy. Markerless bone registration (MBR) can provide accurate measurements of carpal kinematics and can be used to study the noninvasive, three-dimensional in vivo kinematics of the wrist and other skeletal joints. [S0148-0731(00)01105-5]

Method for Incorporating Three-Dimensional Residual Stresses Into Patient-Specific Simulations of Arteries

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pierce ◽  
Thomas E. Fastl ◽  
Hannah Weisbecker ◽  
Gerhard A. Holzapfel ◽  
Borja Rodriguez-Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Model Geometry ◽  
Reconstructed Model

Through progress in medical imaging, image analysis and finite element (FE) meshing tools it is now possible to extract patient-specific geometries from medical images of, e.g., abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), and thus to study clinically relevant problems via FE simulations. Medical imaging is most often performed in vivo, and hence the reconstructed model geometry in the problem of interest will represent the in vivo state, e.g., the AAA at physiological blood pressure. However, classical continuum mechanics and FE methods assume that constitutive models and the corresponding simulations start from an unloaded, stress-free reference condition.

Quantification of Hand Grip Force under Dynamic Conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Lehman ◽  
W. Gary Allread ◽  
P. Lawrence Wright ◽  
William S. Marras
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Maximum Grip ◽  
Lower Grip

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether grip force capabilities are lower when the wrist is moved than in a static position. The purpose was to determine the wrist velocity levels and wrist postures that had the most significant effect on grip force. Maximum grip forces of five male and five female subjects were determined under both static and dynamic conditions. The dominant wrist of each subject was secured to a CYBEX II dynamometer and grip force was collected during isokinetic wrist deviations for four directions of motion (flexion to extension, extension to flexion, radial to ulnar, and ulnar to radial). Six different velocity levels were analyzed and grip forces were recorded at specific wrist positions throughout each range of movement. For flexion-extension motions, wrist positions from 45 degrees flexion to 45 degrees extension were analyzed whereas positions from 20 degrees radial deviation to 20 degrees ulnar deviation were studied for radial-ulnar activity. Isometric exertions were also performed at each desired wrist position. Results showed that, for all directions of motion, grip forces for all isokinetic conditions were significantly lower than for the isometric exertions. Lower grip forces were exhibited at extreme wrist flexion and extreme radial and ulnar positions for both static and dynamic conditions. The direction of motion was also found to affect grip strength; extension to flexion exertions produced larger grip forces than flexion to extension exertions and radial to ulnar motion showed larger grip forces than ulnar to radial deviation. Although, males produced larger grip forces than females in all exertions, significant interactions between gender and velocity were noted.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional printer-generated patient-specific phantom for artificial in vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy quality assurance

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kamomae ◽  
Hidetoshi Shimizu ◽  
Takayoshi Nakaya ◽  
Kuniyasu Okudaira ◽  
Takahiro Aoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Dosimetry ◽  
Patient Specific

Investigation of Vibration Characteristics of the Ligamentous Lumbar Spine Using the Finite Element Approach

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Goel ◽  
Hosang Park ◽  
Weizeng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flexion Extension

A nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element model of the ligamentous L4-SI segment was developed to analyze the dynamic response of the spine in the absence of damping. The effects of the upper body mass were simulated by including a mass of 40 kg on the L4 vertebral body. The modal analyses of the model indicated a resonant frequency of 17.5 Hz in axial mode and 3.8 Hz in flexion-extension mode. Accordingly, the predicted responses for the cyclic load of −400 ± 40 N applied at four different frequencies (5, 11, 16.5, and 25 Hz) were compared with the corresponding results for axial compressive static loads (−360, and −440 N). As compared to the static load cases, the predicted responses were higher for the cyclic loading. For example, the effect of cyclic load at 11 Hz was to produce significant changes (9.7 – 19.0 percent) in stresses, loads transmitted through the facets, intradiscal pressure (IDP), disk bulge, as compared to the static load predictions. The responses were found to be frequency dependent as well; supporting the in vivo observations of other investigators that the human spine has a resonant frequency. For example, the 11 Hz model (DYN11) compared to the DYN5 model showed an increase in majority of the predicted parameters. The parameters showed an increase with frequency until 17.5 Hz (resonant frequency of the model); thereafter a decrease at 25 Hz. A chronic change in these parameters, especially at the resonant frequency, beyond the “base” values may trigger the bone remodeling process leading to spinal degeneration/disorders associated with chronic vibration exposure. Future directions for extending the present model as a complement to the experimental investigations are also discussed.

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