An In-Vivo Study of Normal Wrist Kinematics

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Brumbaugh ◽  
R. D. Crowninshield ◽  
W. F. Blair ◽  
J. G. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Common

The motion of the hand relative to a reference frame embedded in the radius is described using the screw displacement axis (SDA) concept. A three-dimensional sonic digitizer was utilized in a study of the dominant wrist of 15 normal subjects to determine the location and orientation of the SDAs based on the endpoints of flexion-extension motion (FEM) and radial-ulnar deviation (RUD) of the hand. The length of the common perpendicular between the SDAs of FEM and RUD was as large as 6 mm in some individuals; however, in some subjects the FEM SDA was distal of the RUD SDA while in others it was proximal. Considering the group of 15 subjects, the SDAs of FEM and RUD for the normal group nearly intersect in the head of the capitate in the neutrally positioned wrist and forearm.

scholarly journals Effects of axial load on in vivo scaphoid and lunate kinematics using four-dimensional computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 974-980
Author(s):  
Michelle Brinkhorst ◽  
Geert Streekstra ◽  
Joost van Rosmalen ◽  
Simon Strackee ◽  
Steven Hovius
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Flexion And Extension

This in vivo study investigated the effect of axial load on lunate and scaphoid kinematics during flexion–extension and radial–ulnar deviation of the uninjured wrist using four-dimensional computed tomography. We found that applying axial load to the wrist results in a more flexed, radially deviated and pronated position of the lunate and scaphoid during flexion–extension of the wrist compared with when no load is applied. A larger pronation and supination range of the lunate and scaphoid was seen when the wrist was flexed and extended under axial load, whereas a larger flexion and extension range of the lunate and scaphoid occurred during radial–ulnar deviation of the wrist when axial load was applied.

Does Wrist Laxity Influence Three-Dimensional Carpal Bone Motion?

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Best ◽  
Michelle L. Zec ◽  
David R. Pichora ◽  
Robin N. Kamal ◽  
Michael J. Rainbow
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Carpal Kinematics ◽  
Carpal Mechanics

Previous two-dimensional (2D) studies have shown that there is a spectrum of carpal mechanics that varies between row-type motion and column-type motion as a function of wrist laxity. More recent three-dimensional (3D) studies have suggested instead that carpal bone motion is consistent across individuals. The purpose of this study was to use 3D methods to determine whether carpal kinematics differ between stiffer wrists and wrists with higher laxity. Wrist laxity was quantified using a goniometer in ten subjects by measuring passive wrist flexion–extension (FE) range of motion (ROM). In vivo kinematics of subjects' scaphoid and lunate with respect to the radius were computed from computed tomography (CT) volume images in wrist radial and ulnar deviation positions. Scaphoid and lunate motion was defined as “column-type” if the bones flexed and extended during wrist radial–ulnar deviation (RUD), and “row-type” if the bones radial–ulnar deviated during wrist RUD. We found that through wrist RUD, the scaphoid primarily flexed and extended, but the scaphoids of subjects with decreased laxity had a larger component of RUD (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.05). We also determined that the posture of the scaphoid in the neutral wrist position predicts wrist radial deviation (RD) ROM (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.05). These results suggest that ligament laxity plays a role in affecting carpal bone motion of the proximal row throughout radial and ulnar deviation motions; however, other factors such as bone position may also affect motion. By developing a better understanding of normal carpal kinematics and how they are affected, this will help physicians provide patient-specific approaches to different wrist pathologies.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis in three-dimensional intracoronary ultrasound: An in vitro and in vivo study performed with a novel system for the contour detection of lumen and plaque

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens von Birgelen ◽  
Carlo Di Mario ◽  
Wenguang Li ◽  
Johan C.H. Schuurbiers ◽  
Cornelis J. Slager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Intracoronary Ultrasound

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Capitate Kinematics are Eliminated After Accounting for Variation in Carpal Size

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rainbow ◽  
Joseph J. Crisco ◽  
Douglas C. Moore ◽  
Scott W. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Best Fit

Previous studies have found gender differences in carpal kinematics, and there are discrepancies in the literature on the location of the flexion∕extension and radio-ulnar deviation rotation axes of the wrist. It has been postulated that these differences are due to carpal bone size differences rather than gender and that they may be resolved by normalizing the kinematics by carpal size. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in radio-capitate kinematics are a function of size or gender. We also sought to determine if a best-fit pivot point (PvP) describes the radio-capitate joint as a ball-and-socket articulation. By using an in vivo markerless bone registration technique applied to computed tomography scans of 26 male and 28 female wrists, we applied scaling derived from capitate length to radio-capitate kinematics, characterized by a best-fit PvP. We determined if radio-capitate kinematics behave as a ball-and-socket articulation by examining the error in the best-fit PvP. Scaling PvP location completely removed gender differences (P=0.3). This verifies that differences in radio-capitate kinematics are due to size and not gender. The radio-capitate joint did not behave as a perfect ball and socket because helical axes representing anatomical motions such as flexion-extension, radio-ulnar deviation, dart throwers, and antidart throwers, were located at distances up to 4.5mm from the PvP. Although the best-fit PvP did not yield a single center of rotation, it was still consistently found within the proximal pole of the capitate, and rms errors of the best-fit PvP calculation were on the order of 2mm. Therefore, the ball-and-socket model of the wrist joint center using the best-fit PvP is appropriate when considering gross motion of the hand with respect to the forearm such as in optical motion capture models. However, the ball-and-socket model of the wrist is an insufficient description of the complex motion of the capitate with respect to the radius. These findings may aid in the design of wrist external fixation and orthotics.

Investigation of Vibration Characteristics of the Ligamentous Lumbar Spine Using the Finite Element Approach

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Goel ◽  
Hosang Park ◽  
Weizeng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flexion Extension

A nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element model of the ligamentous L4-SI segment was developed to analyze the dynamic response of the spine in the absence of damping. The effects of the upper body mass were simulated by including a mass of 40 kg on the L4 vertebral body. The modal analyses of the model indicated a resonant frequency of 17.5 Hz in axial mode and 3.8 Hz in flexion-extension mode. Accordingly, the predicted responses for the cyclic load of −400 ± 40 N applied at four different frequencies (5, 11, 16.5, and 25 Hz) were compared with the corresponding results for axial compressive static loads (−360, and −440 N). As compared to the static load cases, the predicted responses were higher for the cyclic loading. For example, the effect of cyclic load at 11 Hz was to produce significant changes (9.7 – 19.0 percent) in stresses, loads transmitted through the facets, intradiscal pressure (IDP), disk bulge, as compared to the static load predictions. The responses were found to be frequency dependent as well; supporting the in vivo observations of other investigators that the human spine has a resonant frequency. For example, the 11 Hz model (DYN11) compared to the DYN5 model showed an increase in majority of the predicted parameters. The parameters showed an increase with frequency until 17.5 Hz (resonant frequency of the model); thereafter a decrease at 25 Hz. A chronic change in these parameters, especially at the resonant frequency, beyond the “base” values may trigger the bone remodeling process leading to spinal degeneration/disorders associated with chronic vibration exposure. Future directions for extending the present model as a complement to the experimental investigations are also discussed.

Accuracy of real-time, three-dimensional Doppler echocardiography for stroke volume estimation compared with phase-encoded MRI: an in vivo study

Heart ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1212-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pemberton ◽  
M Jerosch-Herold ◽  
X Li ◽  
L Hui ◽  
M Silberbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Doppler Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
In Vivo Study

QUANTIFICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOVEMENT OF SKIN MARKERS RELATIVE TO THE UNDERLYING BONES DURING FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Yuan Tsai ◽  
Tung-Wu Lu ◽  
Mei-Ying Kuo ◽  
Horng-Chaung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Human Motion Analysis ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Skin Marker ◽  
Compensation Approach

Skin marker-based stereophotogrammetry has been widely used in the in vivo, noninvasive measurement of three-dimensional (3D) joint kinematics in many clinical applications. However, the measured poses of body segments are subject to errors called soft tissue artifacts (STA). No study has reported the unrestricted STA of markers on the thigh and shank in normal subjects during functional activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the 3D movement of skin markers relative to the underlying bones in normal subjects during functional activities using a noninvasive method based on the integration of 3D fluoroscopy and stereophotogrammetry. Generally, thigh markers had greater STA than shank ones and the STA of the markers were in nonlinear relationships with knee flexion angles. The STA of a marker also appeared to vary among subjects and were affected by activities. This suggests that correction of STA in human motion analysis may have to consider the multijoint nature of functional activities such as using a global compensation approach with individual anthropometric data. The results of the current study may be helpful for establishing guidelines of marker location selection and for developing STA compensation methods in human motion analysis.

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