Research on Platoon Dispersion Delay of Traffic Flow considering Coordinated Control

To improve the traffic capacity and reduce the delay of signalized intersections, the delay of coordinated control intersections is studied. Based on the freedom and randomness of the speed change and considering the delay problem caused by the discrete behavior, the authors deduced a new delay model. Firstly, by analyzing the kinematic behavior of traffic flow under coordinated control, it is found that traffic flow reaches the downstream intersection in two different forms. The two forms were as follows: the tail vehicles of discrete traffic flow were truncated and the front vehicles of discrete traffic flow were stopped. Then, the authors deduced the new delay model by analyzing the two conditions. Finally, the delay of the two cases is analyzed, which can be used as the basis for setting the phase difference between coordinated control intersections. The correctness of the model is verified by designing two example coordinated control intersections under unsaturated flow with MATLAB. Results show that the discrete traffic flows will have different impacts on delay or traffic efficiency when they arrive at the downstream intersection in different forms. Through the analysis of the delay of vehicles, when the green split is less than 0.64, the tail truncation delay is greater than the front truncation delay. When the green split is greater than or equal to 0.64, the opposite is true. The phase difference of upstream and downstream intersections can be optimized and coordinated according to the goal that vehicles can smoothly pass through the coordinated control intersection or ensure the minimum delay, so as to give full play to the space-time utilization of the coordinated control intersection.

Design, Construction and Validation of a Proof of Concept Flexible–Rigid Mechanism Emulating Human Leg Behavior

In most robotics simulations, human joints (e.g., hips and knees) are assumed to be revolute joints with limited range rotations. However, this approach neglects the internal flexibility of the joint, which could present a significant drawback in some applications. We propose a tensegrity-inspired robotic manipulator that can replicate the kinematic behavior of the human leg. The design of the hip and knee resembles the musculoskeletal connections within the human body. Our implementation represents muscles, tendons and ligament connections as cables, and bones as rods. This particular design manipulates muscles to replicate a human-like gait, which demonstrates its potential for use as an anatomically correct assistive device (prosthetic, exoskeleton, etc.). Using the [EJ]OpenSim 3.0 simulation environment, we estimated the kinematics and structural integrity of the proposed flexural joint design and determined the actuation strategies for our prototype. Kinematics for the prototype include the mechanical limitations and constraints derived from the simulations. We compared the simulation, physical prototype, and human leg behaviors for various ranges of motion and demonstrated the potential for using [EJ]OpenSim 3.0 as a flexible–rigid modeling and simulation environment.

Electromagnetic properties of neutrinos from scattering on bound electrons in atom

In this paper, we consider the effects of bound atomic electrons scattered by solar neutrinos due to the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos. This necessitates considering the recoil of atomic nucleus, which should be considered in the momentum conservation, but the effect to the energy conservation is negligible. This effect changes the kinematic behavior of the scattered electron compared to that scattered on free electrons. We apply this effect to the recent XENON1T data, but the bounds obtained from this are not very restrictive. We obtained the bounds: the (transition) magnetic moment [Formula: see text] (times the electron Bohr magneton) and the charge radius [Formula: see text] cm. For a nonvanishing millicharge [Formula: see text], the allowed bound is shown in the [Formula: see text] plane.

A Unified Model for Analyzing Comprehensive Behaviors of Deepwater Anchors

Anchors may exhibit various complicated behaviors in the seabed, especially for deepwater anchors including gravity installed anchors (GIAs) and drag embedment plate anchors (drag anchors), stimulating the development of an efficient analytical tool that applies to a variety of anchors. The present paper introduces a unified model for analyzing different anchor behaviors in both clay and sand, consisting of unified concepts, mechanical models, and analytical procedure. The kinematic behaviors of the anchors are classified uniformly as three types, i.e., diving, pulling out, and keying. By utilizing the least-force principle, various anchor properties, such as the ultimate pullout capacity (UPC), failure mode, movement direction, embedment loss, and kinematic trajectory, can all be determined by the combination and analysis of the three behaviors. Applications of the model are demonstrated summarily, by solving the UPC and the failure mode of anchor piles and suction anchors, the kinematic trajectory of drag anchors in a single soil layer or layered soils, the maximum embedment loss (MEL) of suction embedded plate anchors (SEPLAs) and OMNI-Max anchors, and the kinematic behavior of OMNI-Max anchors. Compared to existing theoretical methods, this unified model shows strong applicability and potentiality in solving a variety of behaviors and properties of different anchors under complicated seabed conditions.

Controllers Design based on Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Systems and Sliding Mode for a Non-Holonomic Mobile robot

This paper is interesting to a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot. We have presented a scheme to develop controllers. Two controllers have been developed. The first concerns the kinematic behavior while the second relates to the dynamic behavior of the mobile robot. For the Kinematic controller, we have used a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system to overcome the nonlinearities present in model whereas for the second controller we have used the sliding mode approach. The sliding surface has the identical structure as the proportional integral controller. The stability of system has been proved based on Lyapunov approach. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control laws.

Isolated Talonavicular Arthrodesis for Traumatic Talonavicular Arthritis: Report of 2 Cases With Gait Analyses

Isolated talonavicular arthrodesis is one of the surgical procedures for patients with talonavicular arthritis. However, the 3-dimensional kinematic behavior of the hip, knee, and foot/ankle complex during walking after the arthrodesis remains unclear. The clinical outcomes and gait analyses of 2 cases who underwent isolated arthrodesis for talonavicular osteoarthritis with chronic dislocated navicular fracture are presented. Gait analysis was carried out in both cases 1 year after surgery to clarify the side-to-side differences in the ranges of motion of the hip, knee, and foot/ankle complex during walking. Both cases showed good clinical results and radiographic bone union. The kinematic data of the gait analyses showed considerable restriction in the range of motion of the ankle in all 3-dimensional planes for the fused foot compared with the contralateral side. Additionally, hyperextension of the knee in the late stance of gait on the operated side was observed in both cases. When talonavicular arthrodesis was performed for talonavicular osteoarthritis with chronic dislocated navicular fracture, postoperative generalized stiffness of the ankle and future disorder of the knee should be considered. Levels of Evidence: Level V: Case report

A Simple Way to Fix a Lateral Meniscal Root Tear

Background: Meniscal posterior root tears, which are often associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, lead to the loss of normal biomechanical and kinematic behavior of menisci. Several arthroscopic techniques have been introduced to address this kind of injury. In this video, a simple all-inside technique to repair posterior lateral root tear (PLRT) is presented. Indications: To repair type 1, type 2, and type 4 PLRT. Technique: The torn lateral meniscus root is sutured to the medial fibers of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), with an arthroscopic all-inside repair system, with the purpose of reproducing the stabilizing function of the meniscofemoral ligaments. Results: This procedure allows restoration of the correct position of the detached horn, and restores meniscal stability with satisfactory clinical outcomes. Discussion/Conclusion: The technique described represents a simple and fast arthroscopic all-inside procedure to repair PLRT in association with concomitant procedure, such as ACL reconstruction. However, outcome reports of this technique are still lacking in the literature, and further studies are needed to confirm the authors’ results.

Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Controller and Sliding Mode Controller for a Nonholonomic Mobile Robot

This paper focuses on the nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot. We have presented a scheme to develop controllers. Two controllers have been developed. The first concerns the kinematic behavior, while the second relates to the dynamic behavior of the mobile robot. For the kinematic controller, we have used a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system to overcome the nonlinearities present in model, whereas for the second controller, we have used the sliding mode approach. The sliding surface has the identical structure as the proportional integral controller. The stability of the system has been proved based on the Lyapunov approach. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed control laws.

Effect of Muscle Action on the Kinetic and Kinematic Behavior of the Barbell during Isoinertial Strength Assessment

An isoinertial strength assessment was performed to examine the kinetic and kinematic behavior of the barbell during several muscle actions. Velocity–time characteristics, force–time relationship, one repetition maximum (1RM), power output, and acceleration were compared in eccentric–concentric (EC) versus concentric only (C) sequences of the bench press (BP) and military press (MP). In two separate sessions, 28 and 29 resistance-trained athletes executed EC or C sequences in random order of the BP and MP, respectively, in an incremental load test up to their 1RM. Higher values were recorded in BP-EC than in BP-C, MP-EC, or MP-C (p < 0.01) for peak acceleration, peak rate of force development, peak rate of velocity development, and power output. Significant differences were detected between exercises in terms of the portion of the concentric phase (%) at which peak acceleration was detected, or acceleration up until peak velocity was observed (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between exercises in the portion of the concentric phase where acceleration up to the braking phase took place. The eccentric muscle action prior to concentric movement was a key factor to enhance the kinematic and kinetic performance in BP exercise. No such effects of the countermovement were produced in MP.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Machine Kinematic Behavior on the Surface Topography and Roughness in High Speed Ball end Milling of the AISI4142 Steel

The analysis of the surface topography in ball end milling is an objective studied by many researchers, several methods were used and many combinations of cutting conditions and machining errors are considered. In the milling tool paths the trajectories presents a points of changing direction where the tool decelerates before and accelerates after respecting the velocity profiles of the machine. In this paper, we propose experimental investigations of the effect of the kinematic behavior of the machine tool on the surface quality. A poor topography and roughness are remarked on the deceleration and the acceleration zones compared to the stationary zone.