Optimal Design of a Simplified Morphing Blade for Fixed-Speed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Stéphane Caro ◽  
Fouad Bennis ◽  
Oscar Roberto Salinas Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Average Wind

The aim of designing the wind turbine blades is to improve the power capture ability. Since the rotor control technology is currently limited to controlling the rotor rotational speed and the pitch of the blades, an increasing concern has been given to the morphing blades. In this paper, a simplified morphing blade is introduced, which has a linear twisted distribution along the span and its shape can be controlled by adjusting the root twisted angle and the tip twisted angle of the blade. Moreover, to evaluate the performances of the wind turbine blades, a numerical code based on the blade element momentum theory is developed and validated. The blade of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine is taken as a reference blade, and the optimization problems associated with the morphing blade and pitch control blade are both formulated. The optimal results show that the morphing blade gives better results than the pitch control blade in terms of produced power. Under the assumption that in a given site, the annual average wind speed is known and the wind speed follows the Rayleigh distribution, we can evaluate the annual energy produced by these three blade types. While the annual average wind speed varies from 5 m/s to 15 m/s, the results show that the optimal morphing blade can increase 23.9 percent to 71.4 percent in annual energy production while the optimal pitch control blade can increase 22.5 percent to 67.4 percent in annual energy production, over the existing twisted pitch fixed blade.

scholarly journals A Simplified Morphing Blade for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Stéphane Caro ◽  
Fouad Bennis ◽  
Oscar Roberto Salinas Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Average Wind

The aim of designing wind turbine blades is to improve the power capture ability. Since rotor control technology is currently limited to controlling rotational speed and blade pitch, an increasing concern has been given to morphing blades. In this paper, a simplified morphing blade is introduced, which has a linear twist distribution along the span and a shape that can be controlled by adjusting the twist of the blade's root and tip. To evaluate the performance of wind turbine blades, a numerical code based on the blade element momentum theory is developed and validated. The blade of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine is taken as a reference blade and has a fixed pitch. The optimization problems associated with the control of the morphing blade and a blade with pitch control are formulated. The optimal results show that the morphing blade gives better results than the blade with pitch control in terms of produced power. Under the assumption that at a given site, the annual average wind speed is known and the wind speed follows a Rayleigh distribution, the annual energy production of wind turbines was evaluated for three types of blade, namely, morphing blade, blade with pitch control and fixed pitch blade. For an annual average wind speed varying between 5 m/s and 15 m/s, it turns out that the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing morphing blades is 24.5% to 69.7% higher than the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing pitch fixed blades. Likewise, the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing blades with pitch control is 22.7% to 66.9% higher than the annual energy production of the wind turbine containing pitch fixed blades.

scholarly journals Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Wind Turbine Blades under Variable Wind Speed Conditions Using Particle Filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavana Valeti ◽  
Shamim N. Pakzad
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Variable Wind

Rotor blades are the most complex structural components in a wind turbine and are subjected to continuous cyclic loads of wind and self-weight variation. The structural maintenance operations in wind farms are moving towards condition based maintenance (CBM) to avoid premature failures. For this, damage prognosis with remaining useful life (RUL) estimation in wind turbine blades is necessary. Wind speed variation plays an important role influencing the loading and consequently the RUL of the structural components. This study investigates the effect of variable wind speed between the cutin and cut-out speeds of a typical wind farm on the RUL of a damage detected wind turbine blade as opposed to average wind speed assumption. RUL of wind turbine blades are estimated for different initial crack sizes using particle filtering method which forecasts the evolution of fatigue crack addressing the non-linearity and uncertainty in crack propagation. The stresses on a numerically simulated life size onshore wind turbine blade subjected to the above wind speed loading cases are used in computing the crack propagation observation data for particle filters. The effects of variable wind speed on the damage propagation rates and RUL in comparison to those at an average wind speed condition are studied and discussed.

Application of a Genetic Algorithm to Wind Turbine Design

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Selig ◽  
V. L. Coverstone-Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind

This paper presents an optimization method for stall-regulated horizontal-axis wind turbines. A hybrid approach is used that combines the advantages of a genetic algorithm with an inverse design method. This method is used to determine the optimum blade pitch and blade chord and twist distributions that maximize the annual energy production. To illustrate the method, a family of 25 wind turbines was designed to examine the sensitivity of annual energy production to changes in the rotor blade length and peak rotor power. Trends are revealed that should aid in the design of new rotors for existing turbines. In the second application, five wind turbines were designed to determine the benefits of specifically tailoring wind turbine blades for the average wind speed at a particular site. The results have important practical implications related to rotors designed for the Midwestern US versus those where the average wind speed may be greater.

Research the Influencing Factors of the Low Wind Speed Wind Turbine Fatigue Loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Fa Ming Wu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Dian Wang ◽  
Jia Bao Jing
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Fatigue Loads

This paper analyzes three main factors (turbulence intensity, air density, annual average wind speed ) that influence the low wind speed wind turbine fatigue loads, In order to analyze the influence of each main parameters how to affect the fatigue load of low wind speed wind turbine, using a 2000kW wind turbine as an example on the simulation test , 3 turbulence, 4 air density and 7 annual average wind speed were employed. The results show that, with the air density, turbulence intensity and the annual average wind speed increases, the wind turbine of fatigue load increase in rule approximately. Based on the above rule, it can reduce fatigue loads and prolong the life of wind turbine in design optimization of low wind speed wind turbine and sit choice.

A practical seasonal performance evaluation of small wind turbine in urban environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-358
Author(s):  
Zakariya Rajab ◽  
Yousef sassi ◽  
Ahmed Taher ◽  
Asharf Khalil ◽  
Faisal Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Seasonal Performance

Due to the low environmental impact, smaller storage units, low wind speed, low power system distribution network impact, and low maintenance, small wind turbines have gained more attention. However, the usage of small turbines usually faces several shortcomings, and the actual yield is often lower than expected, generally because the output power is low when compared with the manufacturer, and the actual wind turbine behavior does not reproduces. In a view of performance evaluation of a small wind turbines using high-accuracy measurement devices to measure wind speed and energy production, this article illustrates an experimental seasonal performance evaluation of a 0.5-kW Hummer small wind turbine, placed in an urban environment. In addition, we study the influence of the height in the energy output and analyze its effect in the system performance, which is another aim in this work. Three cases have been carried out: 4 m in order to protect rotor blades during strong winds and storms in the first scenario and 6 m the manufacturing height in the second scenario while 10 m the third case. A 0.5-kW Hummer wind turbine has been installed in Noagia-Benghazi since 2010 for educational purposes, field studies, training, graduate projects, and research. The wind turbine seasonal performance under different periods was obtained and compared in terms of the wind speed, output power, energy production, and average wind speed. The average wind speed is 6.4, 4, 5.8, and 4 m/s, and the average energy production is 948.24, 172.8, 648, and 172.8 kWh in spring, summer, winter, and autumn, respectively. Spring has the highest wind speed followed by winter and autumn then summer for all height. Improvement is attained if the wind turbine tower height is 6 m, and 10 m where more energy is harvested. But the main problem at 10 m is that the system control needs more improvement because the wind speed exceeds 14 m/s which represents the maximum speed. The system can produce about 1.942 MW yearly and save CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Separated Pitch Control at Tip: Innovative Blade Design Explorations for Large MW Wind Turbine Blades

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjeet Agarwala ◽  
Paul I. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Extreme Wind Speeds

This paper focuses on the deployment and evaluation of a separated pitch control at blade tip (SePCaT) control strategy for large megawatt (MW) wind turbine blade and explorations of innovative blade designs as a result of such deployment. SePCaT configurations varied from five to thirty percent of the blade length in 5 percentage increments (SePCaT5, SePCaT10, SePCaT15, SePCaT20, SePCaT25, and SePCaT30) are evaluated by comparing them to aerodynamical responses of the traditional blade. For low, moderate, high, and extreme wind speed variations treated as 10, 20, 30, and 40 percent of reference wind speeds, rotor power abatement in region 3 of the wind speed power curve is realized by feathering full length blade by 6, 9, 12, and 14 degrees, respectively. Feathering SePCaT30, SePCaT25, SePCaT20, and SePCaT15 by 14, 16, 26, and 30 degrees, respectively, achieves the same power abatement results when compared to traditional blade at low wind speeds. Feathering SePCaT30, SePCaT25, and SePCaT20 by 18, 26, and 30 degrees on the other hand has the same effect at high wind speeds. SePCaT30 feathered to 26 and 30 degrees has the same abatement effects when compared to traditional blade at high and extreme wind speeds.

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

Evaluation of the influence of wind speed and angle of attack on the aerodynamic effect of wind turbine blades

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salete Alves ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Vieira Meira de Souza ◽  
Edália Azevedo de Faria ◽  
Maria Thereza dos Santos Silva ◽  
Ranaildo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Aerodynamic Effect

scholarly journals Analysis of Wind Turbine Aging through Operation Data Calibrated by LiDAR Measurement

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Hyun-Goo Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Lidar Measurement ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Wake Effect

This study analyzed the performance decline of wind turbine with age using the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) data and the short-term in situ LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) measurements taken at the Shinan wind farm located on the coast of Bigeumdo Island in the southwestern sea of South Korea. Existing methods have generally attempted to estimate performance aging through long-term trend analysis of a normalized capacity factor in which wind speed variability is calibrated. However, this study proposes a new method using SCADA data for wind farms whose total operation period is short (less than a decade). That is, the trend of power output deficit between predicted and actual power generation was analyzed in order to estimate performance aging, wherein a theoretically predicted level of power generation was calculated by substituting a free stream wind speed projecting to a wind turbine into its power curve. To calibrate a distorted wind speed measurement in a nacelle anemometer caused by the wake effect resulting from the rotation of wind-turbine blades and the shape of the nacelle, the free stream wind speed was measured using LiDAR remote sensing as the reference data; and the nacelle transfer function, which converts nacelle wind speed into free stream wind speed, was derived. A four-year analysis of the Shinan wind farm showed that the rate of performance aging of the wind turbines was estimated to be −0.52%p/year.

Development and Field Testing of an Inclined Flanged Compact Diffuser for a Micro Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Kale ◽  
S. N. Sapali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Power Curves

Micro wind turbines installed in various applications, experience average wind speed for most of the time during operations. Power produced by the wind turbine is proportional to the cubic power of the wind velocity and a small increase in wind velocity results increases power output significantly. The approach wind velocity can be increased by covering traditional wind turbine with a diffuser. Researchers are continuously working to develop a compact, lightweight, cost effective and feasible diffuser for wind turbines. The present work carried out to develop a diffuser with these stated objectives. A compact, lightweight inclined flanged diffuser developed for a micro wind turbine. Bare micro wind turbine and wind turbine covered with developed efficient inclined flanged diffuser tested in the field as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards and results presented in the form of power curves. The prediction of annual energy production for both wind turbines determined as per IEC standards.

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