scholarly journals The Paediatric Metered Dosage Inhaler (pMDI) Sleeve Attachment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo L. Beukes ◽  
Michael Levin ◽  
Sudesh Sivarasu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Patient Medication ◽  
Activation Force ◽  
Lung Airways ◽  
Fixed Airflow Obstruction

Asthma is a chronic disease that causes fixed airflow obstruction, swelling and inflammation of the lung airways. This results in shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing [1]. 3.9 million People in South Africa are estimated to suffer from the disease and 1.5% of this total die as a result, annually [2]. The disease is the 3rd most common cause of child hospitalisation in South Africa. In developing countries, the most common and affordable treatment option for asthma would be the standard metered dosage inhaler (MDI) [3, 4]. MDI’s provide a range of medications (including airway dilators and anti-inflammatories) contained within the aerosol canisters. A large number of paediatric and geriatric patients suffering from asthma are unable to produce the necessary force required to activate the standard MDI. The study investigated fingertip pinch (action carried out when activating an MDI) strengths to determine the activation force deficit for paediatric patients [5]. In addition, patients using a standard MDI are unable to track the number of dosages remaining in the aerosol canisters [5]. The study presents a solution to the above mentioned patient limitations. A sleeve attachment was developed to reduce the required activation force of a standard MDI and track patient medication adherence. Additional features included height adjustability for varied MDI sizes (55mm to 90mm in length) and paediatric patient aesthetic appeal.

The relationship between alcohol and drug use and sexual behaviour amongst prison inmates in developing countries: The case of South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibuiso Sifunda ◽  
Priscilla S. Reddy ◽  
Ronald B. Braithwaite ◽  
Torrence Stephens ◽  
Sibusisiwe Bhengu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals S. haematobium as a Common Cause of Genital Morbidity in Girls: A Cross-sectional Study of Children in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Elise Amlie Hegertun ◽  
Kristin Marie Sulheim Gundersen ◽  
Elisabeth Kleppa ◽  
Siphosenkosi Gift Zulu ◽  
Svein Gunnar Gundersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause

Wealth and governance in unstable states : South Africa as a context for Mancur Olson's theory of collective action

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pamela E. Kelrick
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Analyses

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Mancur Olson's theory of collective action has primarily been construed and applied to developed countries with formal economies and (generally) socio-political stability. Yet, he asserted that his theory of collective action would apply in developing countries, even those which are far less stable. This study examined Olson's assertion that collective action applies in developing countries, using South Africa as a case study. The empirical analyses included canonical correlation analysis and generalized additive models, using attribute, spatial, and temporal data to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics between wealth and governance in South Africa. Geographic clustering by race and economic class remains persistent despite democratic reforms and improved governance engagement. In addition, findings of the empirical analyses were used to evaluate Olson's theory of collective action and frame the policy implications. Collective action is consistent with findings, but, in the context of developing countries, ought to include more prominent considerations of path dependency, increasing returns, and historical institutionalism.

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