A Survey of PEM Fuel Cell System Control Models and Control Developments

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Meyer ◽  
Shripad Revankar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Current Control ◽  
System Control ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Control Work

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system performance can be significantly improved with suitable control strategies. Control appropriate models of the fuel cell stack and balance of plant are presented along with current control research. Fuel cell stack models are zero dimensional and range from simple empirical stack polarization curves to complex dynamic models of mass flow rates, pressures, temperatures, and voltages. Balance of plant models are also zero dimensional and can be used individually to build a complete system around a stack. Models of this type are presented for the air compressor, air blower, manifolds, reactant humidification, fuel recirculation, air cooling, and stack cooling. Current control work is surveyed with regard to feedforward, feedback, observers, optimization, model prediction, rule based, neural networks, and fuzzy methods. The most promising fuel cell stack model is evaluated. Additionally, improvements to the balance of plant models are recommended. Finally, future control work is explored with a desire for system control that leads to greater output power.

PEM fuel cell system control: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 620-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R.W. Daud ◽  
R.E. Rosli ◽  
E.H. Majlan ◽  
S.A.A. Hamid ◽  
R. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
System Control ◽  
Fuel Cell System

scholarly journals Simulation of Fuzzy Control of Oxygen Flow in PEM Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Polak
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Voltage Variation

This paper presents an alternative approach to the flow control of an oxidizer in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system in which pure oxygen is the gas supplied to the cathode channel of the stack. The proposed oxygen flow control is implemented based on information about the current drawn from the fuel cell stack and the voltage variation in the stack. This information and a fuzzy-logic-based control algorithm are used to increase oxygen utilization in a PEM fuel cell system without a recirculation system in relation to the control, in which the oxygen flow rate is determined only in proportion to the current drawn from the stack. To verify the validity of the adopted assumptions, simulation tests of the proposed fuzzy control algorithm were conducted, for which parameters were adopted arbitrarily and determined with help of genetic algorithms. For simulation research, the proposed empirical mathematical model was used, which describes the mathematical relationship between voltage variation in the stack and the stoichiometry of oxygen flow through the cathode of a fuel cell stack. The simulation results confirm that the proposed control method leads to an increase in the oxygen utilization in the system without oxygen recirculation compared to an open system with cathode stoichiometry set to a constant level.

scholarly journals The Hardware Implementation of Demonstrator Air Independent Electric Supply System Based on Pem Fuel Cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grzeczka ◽  
P. Szymak
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Electric Supply ◽  
Technology Demonstrator

Abstract The paper presents results of the research project whose the main goal was to build a technology demonstrator of an electric supply system based on the PEM fuel cell. The electric supply system is dedicated to operation on a board of a submarine during emergency situations. The underwater conditions influence on a specific architecture of supply subsystems of the PEM fuel cell system. In this case the fuel cell stack is supplied by both clean hydrogen and clean oxygen stored in pressurized tanks. The hydrogen has to be delivered in a closed loop, while the oxygen can be delivered in a closed or an open loop. In the technology demonstrator, the supply of the fuel cell stack by the hydrogen in the closed loop and the oxygen in the open loop with a precise control of its flow were used. In the paper, a hardware and a software structures of the technology demonstrator are presented. Then, selected results of the PEM fuel cell system operation are included. The results of the research show precise control of the oxygen and a response of the system on rapid changes of an electric load responding to the loads working during an emergency situation on a board of a submarine. Mainly, results of the real fuel cell system operation are presented. The results of numerical research can be found in several publications of the authors included in the bibliography of the paper.

An Integrated Numerical Model for a PEM Fuel Cell System

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 1742-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Bo Ding ◽  
Li Ping He ◽  
Z. Dong ◽  
X. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Maximal Output Power ◽  
Maximal Output

PEM Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system plays an important role in a future hydrogen economy. Numerical modeling is useful to evaluate and optimize PEM fuel cell system. Therefore, this paper developed an integrated numerical model for predicting the power output of PEMFC system and optimizing system operation parameters to achieve the maximal output power. The developed numerical model integrated the models of fuel cell stack itself and its auxiliary systems, which were quantitatively described and analyzed with calculation equations. Furthermore, the newly developed numerical model was applied to a PEMFC powered scooter to estimate the output power a PEMFC system and optimize the operation conditions parameters of its auxiliary systems based on optimization algorithm. This validates that the developed integrated numerical model is useful and reliable for predicting the net output power and achieving maximal net output power through optimizing the operating parameters of a PEMFC system.

Performance Enhancement of PEM Fuel Cells by Use of Anode Gas Ultrahumidification via Ultrasonic Nebulization

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Snyder ◽  
Thomas R. Lalk ◽  
A. J. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Ultrasonic Nebulization ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Mass Volume

A novel anode feed gas humidification method was investigated as part of an effort to reduce the mass, volume, and cost of the balance of plant for a commercial PEM fuel cell system. Ultrasonic fountain nebulization was utilized to ultrahumidify the anode feed gas for a PEM fuel cell. Ultrasonic nebulization ultrahumidification was found to increase the average voltage of the fuel cell by several percent, and reduce the amplitude of cyclic overvoltage. Most importantly, this humidification technique greatly increased the thermal fault tolerance of the PEM fuel cell; that is, this humidification technique allowed the PEM fuel cell to operate effectively at high temperatures without a need to increase the vapor pressure of the humidification water. In addition, this humidification technique shows potential to be used to increase the overall energy conversion efficiency of a PEM fuel cell system.

Implementation of Integrated Thermal and Humidification Subsystems of 6 kW PEM Fuel Cell System

2011 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Grzeczka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Selection Of

Improper humidification of reactant gasses and operating with non optimal temperature values are main factors influencing fast degradation of the most expensive element of PEM fuel cell stack, i.e. polymer electrolyte membrane. The thermal subsystem keeps fuel cell stack temperature at desired level to achieve optimal conditions of fuel cell operation . The humidification subsystem ensures the ionic conduction which is a basic element of working the PEM. Since water as a by-product of the fuel cell is an element used in both subsystems whereas heat supports a humidification process, both subsystem were integrated. The paper focuses on modeling and implementation of the both subsystems of 6 kW PEM fuel cell stack. In the first chapter of the paper, a mathematical model of the thermal subsystem is presented. Then, a selection of the thermal and humidification subsystems elements were considered. At the end of the paper, conclusions are included and further researches are shortly presented.

scholarly journals Balanced version of Slime Mold Algorithm: A study on PEM fuel cell system parameters identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 3199-3209
Author(s):  
Junlong Zheng ◽  
Yujie Xie ◽  
Xiaoping Huang ◽  
Zhongxing Wei ◽  
Bahman Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Parameters Identification ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
System Parameters
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