Preserving Passenger Comfort Through RWI Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Colino ◽  
Elena B. Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Tunnel Ventilation ◽  
Passenger Comfort ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Warmth Index ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The air conditioning systems designed for passenger rail cars typically exchange heat with the outside air environment; when the trains operate within tunnels, the effectiveness of the air conditioning systems may diminish if the tunnel is too warm. Therefore, one of the traditional activation modes associated with rail tunnel ventilation systems is summertime cooling — for the purpose of maintaining onboard passenger comfort. However, summertime cooling modes can be problematic from the standpoints of fan operating pressure (i.e. an opposing air pressure is created whenever trains approach ventilation shafts), energy consumption and emergency preparedness (i.e. fans operating in the wrong direction when a fire is detected). In this paper, the thermal comfort of rail transportation passengers was studied in detail using the Relative Warmth Index (RWI) analyses to determine if the combination of: warm outdoor weather, the tunnel heat-sink effect, the rail coach design air temperature and typical commuting scenarios necessitated running the tunnel fans in a summertime cooling mode to preserve passenger comfort. If the summertime cooling mode could be eliminated, or even minimized, the tunnel ventilation usage/operating costs would be reduced, the fans would have a longer service life and the system would have greater overall availability for emergency events.

Comparative Energy Analysis of VRF and VAV Systems Under Cooling Mode

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyoon Koh ◽  
John Z. Zhai ◽  
Jessica A. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Electrical Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) or variable refrigerant volume (VRV) systems provide many benefits over traditional air-conditioning systems, with great potential to decrease energy cost and increase thermal comfort in buildings. This paper presents a method to size and select VRF systems and to compute its annual energy consumption. The study compares the cooling energy usage of a VRF system against a conventional chiller-based variable-air-volume (VAV) system and a packaged VAV (PVAV) system for a typical light commercial building. The results reveal that the peak electrical demand of the VRF system for the cooling season is about 60% of the chiller-based VAV system and 70% of the packaged VAV systems, and the operating energy usage is about 53% of the chiller-based VAV system and 60% of the packaged VAV system for the building studied.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS WITH DIRECT AND INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
E. Dmytrochenkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Adiabatic Cooling ◽  
Indirect Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The article is devoted to the analysis of energy, economic and environmental efficiency, which are achieved by using indirect adiabatic cooling of air in the central air conditioner instead of direct cooling. Two corresponding schematic diagrams of air conditioning systems are considered. As a result of the calculations, it was found that indirect adiabatic cooling of the air makes it possible to reduce the consumption of cold and electricity by 65%. The monetary equivalent of reducing energy consumption can reach UAH 14,760 for 4 months of operation of the air conditioning system in cooling mode. Also, the use of this mode of operation of climatic equipment makes it possible to obtain a certain environmental effect in the form of reducing carbon dioxide emissions at the level of 5.15 tons per season.Keywords: indirect evaporative cooling, refrigeration capacity, irrigation chamber, economic efficiency, ecological effect

ANALYSIS OF COMPETING VARIANTS OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS WITHOUT AIR EXTRACTION FROM ENGINES AT THE STAGE OF PASSENGER AIRCRAFT ONBOARD SYSTEMS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Denis Igorevich Smagin ◽  
Konstantin Igorevich Starostin ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Savelyev ◽  
Anatoly Anatolyevich Satin ◽  
Anastasiya Romanovna Neveshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Research University ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Moscow Aviation Institute ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

One of the ways to achieve safety and comfort is to improve on-board air conditioning systems.The use of air cooling machine determines the air pressure high level at the point of selection from the aircraft engine compressor. Because of the aircraft operation in different modes and especially in the modes of small gas engines, deliberately high stages of selection have to be used for ensuring proper operation of the refrigeration machine in the modes of the aircraft small gas engines. Into force of this, most modes of aircraft operation have to throttle the pressure of the selected stage of selection, which, together with the low efficiency of the air cycle cooling system, makes the currently used air conditioning systems energy inefficient.A key feature of the architecture without air extraction from the main engines compressors is the use of electric drive compressors as a source of compressed air.A comparative analysis of competing variants of on-board air conditioning system without air extraction from engines for longrange aircraft projects was performed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).The article deals with the main approaches to the decision-making process on the appearance of a promising aircraft on-board air conditioning system at the stage of its conceptual design and formulated the basic requirements for the structure of a complex criterion at different life cycle stages.The level of technical and technological risk, together with a larger installation weight, will require significant costs for development, testing, debugging and subsequent implementation, but at the same time on-board air conditioning system scheme without air extraction from the engines will achieve a significant increase in fuel efficiency at the level of the entire aircraft.

scholarly journals Systematic Method for the Energy-Saving Potential Calculation of Air-Conditioning Systems via Data Mining. Part I: Methodology

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rongjiang Ma ◽  
Shen Yang ◽  
Xianlin Wang ◽  
Xi-Cheng Wang ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Air-conditioning systems contribute the most to energy consumption among building equipment. Hence, energy saving for air-conditioning systems would be the essence of reducing building energy consumption. The conventional energy-saving diagnosis method through observation, test, and identification (OTI) has several drawbacks such as time consumption and narrow focus. To overcome these problems, this study proposed a systematic method for energy-saving diagnosis in air-conditioning systems based on data mining. The method mainly includes seven steps: (1) data collection, (2) data preprocessing, (3) recognition of variable-speed equipment, (4) recognition of system operation mode, (5) regression analysis of energy consumption data, (6) constraints analysis of system running, and (7) energy-saving potential analysis. A case study with a complicated air-conditioning system coupled with an ice storage system demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional OTI method, the data-mining-based method can provide a more comprehensive analysis of energy-saving potential with less time cost, although it strongly relies on data quality in all steps and lacks flexibility for diagnosing specific equipment for energy-saving potential analysis. The results can deepen the understanding of the operating data characteristics of air-conditioning systems.

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