A differential operation principle of the automatic bus transfer system pickup unit as a way of decreasing the emergency clearing time.a

A proper choice of the design and operation algorithm of emergency control devices like high-speed bus transfer (HSBT) is only possible proceeding from a study and analysis of steady-state and transient processes in emergency modes of operation (short-circuit faults, power supply disconnection, or phase open-circuit fault). The numerical experiments for studying such modes that were carried out, using the Matlab Simulink software package, on the mathematical models of an industrial power supply system involving synchronous motors connected to it made it possible to synthesize a new differential HSBT pickup unit featuring a high-speed response to emergency events. In doing so, special attention was paid to an analysis of transient operation modes with the aim of minimizing the probability of false actuations. The obtained study results have found practical application in the HSBT devices installed at the facilities of PJSC MOSENERGO. The experience gained from the operation of a new device jointly with high-speed circuit breakers produced by the Tavrida-Elektrik state-owned corporation has demonstrated essential advantages in comparison with the conventional HSBT designs.

Kenyan Women Bearing the Cost of Climate Change

Climate change-induced crises can aggravate intimate partner violence (IPV); the loss of income when weather affects the agricultural industry can exacerbate violence at home. In Kenya, climate change has increased precipitation during the rainy season and raised temperatures during the dry season, resulting in floods and droughts. For 75% of Kenyans, agricultural activities are their primary source of income. This research aims to assess patterns in IPV and severe weather events (SWE). We examined Integrated Public Use Microdata Series-Demographic Health Survey (IPUMS-DHS) data from 2008 and 2014 for IPV severity and frequency. We used Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) data along with GPS coordinates to identify SWEs (defined as any flood >10 days) by county in Kenya. Overall, women were more likely to experience IPV if their spouse worked in agriculture (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10–1.36). There was a 60% increase in the odds of reporting IPV in counties that experienced an SWE as compared to counties that did not experience an SWE (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35–1.89). This analysis further supports the growing body of research that suggests a relationship between climate change-related weather events and violence against women.

Ability to Report Emergency at Farmers in the Agriculture Area

Background: Low knowledge and motivation about using personal protective equipment on farmers can cause workplace accidents. Upper limb injuries comprise 67% of all injuries, and the most active parts are fingers (43%). Due to the high number of injuries among farmers, the community needs emergency services where this emergency condition requires immediate health services to reduce mortality and prevent disability. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect farmers ability to report daily emergencies in the agricultural area of ​​Lumajang. Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The research respondents were 62 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of knowledge of injury recognition, management, and emergency events reporting. Data analysis was bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. Results: Knowledge of farmers recognizing injuries with good categories as much as 92% (p = 0.042), knowledge of farmers doing injury management as much as 80.6% in good category (p = 0.000), and knowledge of reporting of daily emergency events in agricultural areas as much as 61, 3% is moderate (p = 0.000). Recognizing the causes of injury of farming areas will increase farmers' knowledge in managing injuries to seek assistance in handling victims quickly and accurately with useful reporting techniques. Conclusion: The ability to report emergency events in the agricultural area is still in an adequate category. We must continuously improve the socialization of standard operational procedures (SOP) regarding effective communication in reporting injury incidents at PSC 119 Lumajang District. Services provided are fast, precise, responsive, and alert to prevent disability and save someone's life from death.

Project of Counteracting Catastrophic Developments at Nature-Man-Made Objects in Russia

The problem-oriented project to counteract the development of catastrophes (henceforth the CDC Project) was set up as a particular response to two factors:Since the late 1970s, a rapidly advancing worldwide pandemic of technological accidents (catastrophes), highly costly in terms of their consequences, has been emerging (see the data in the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) [1] of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).There are no alternatives to the innovative evolution of Russia, with the key role played by systemic technologies [1].At this point, the problem-oriented groundwork has been laid in Russia for many years, including operational prototypes of catastrophe protection systems. The large-scale and fundamental works completed so far within the CDC Project attest to the perception of the critical demand for it. The Project is based on a systemic approach and a new technology of the problem-oriented innovative professional instrumentarium of research on nature-man-made objects (NMMOs). To date, the design of the CDC Project has been practically completed. Moreover, the Project has passed several tiers of critical review analysis at higher authorities, with relevant positive opinions offered in every case. Under the circumstances (just before further rollout of works under the CDC Project), a decision was made to advise appropriate publication of a series of thematically related articles on academic and technological issues, this paper being the first of them.

Forecasting Spatiotemporal Boundary of Emergency-Event-Based Traffic Congestion in Expressway Network Considering Highway Node Acceptance Capacity

Emergency eventscan induce serious traffic congestions in a local area which may propagate to the upstream roads, and even the whole network. Until now, the methodology forecasting spatiotemporal boundary propagation of emergency-event-based traffic congestions, with both explicitness and road network availability, has not been found. This study develops a new method for predicting spatiotemporal boundary of the congestion caused by emergency events, which is more applicable and practical than cell transmission model (CTM)-derived methods. This method divides the expressway network into different sections based on their functions and the shockwave direction caused by the emergency events. It characterizes the velocity of the moving congestion boundary based on kinetic wave theory and volume–density relationship. After determining whether the congestion will spread into the network level through an interchange using a new concept, highway node acceptance capacity (HNAC), we can predict the spatiotemporal boundary and corresponding traffic condition within the boundary. The proposed method is tested under four traffic incident cases with corresponding traffic data collected through field observations. We also compare its prediction performances with other methods used in the literature.

A MAC PROTOCOL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FAST EMERGENCY MEDICAL JUDGMENT IN WIRELESS BODY SENSOR NETWORKS

Emergency data collected from sensor nodes widely distributed in wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) are delivered to medical staff as quickly as possible, so patients’ lives can be saved through appropriate actions and treatments. However, relevant data and vital data may be required for appropriate actions by the medical staff. Therefore, all these data must be properly delivered to the medical staff within the set time. In this paper, we propose a MAC protocol with a reservation function and an operation frame extension function to extend the overall network lifetime by reducing the energy consumption of given sensor nodes and quickly deliver information to medical systems in case of emergency. This MAC protocol makes it possible to achieve fast transmission of related data by utilizing the related-priority slots. As a result of the experiment, the transmission delay was reduced by about 12.5%, and the lifetime was increased by approximately 19% over the existing MAC protocol. It also can be seen that the proposed MAC protocol works well in an environment where emergency events often occur.

Forest Change Detection in Mosul Province using RS and GIS Techniques

There are many events that took place in Al Mosul province between 2013 and 2018. These events led to many changes in the area under study. These changes involved a decrease in agricultural crops and water due to the population leaving the area. Therefore, it is imperative that planners, decision-makers, and development officials intervene in order to restore the region's activity in terms of environment and agriculture. The aim of this research is to use remote sensing (RS) technique and geographic information system (GIS) to detect the change that occurred in the mentioned period. This was achieved through the use of the ArcGIS software package for the purpose of assessing the state of lands of agricultural crops and forests. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) were adopted in the current calculations. This can help the decision-maker take the necessary measures to avoid the problems caused by the emergency events. The results obtained through this research showed that the region had rate changes in farms, water, and forests of about 1%, as it was found that there was a decrease in the level of the Tigris River and an increase in the area of ​​ carrot crop farms. Also, the results indicated a decrease in areas of agricultural crops in specific regions, while they increased in others.