Experimental Determination of Axial Viscoelasticity of Braided Steel Cables Through the Design of a Special Purpose Machine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A. Zamora-Garcia ◽  
Luis Miguel Acosta-Carrion ◽  
Ma. Pilar Corona-Lira ◽  
Alejandro C. Ramirez-Reivich
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
Steel Cables

Abstract Braided steel cables have the potential for improving the mechanisms providing them several advantages in comparison with rigid elements. Nevertheless, a limitation in the use of cable mechanism is that due to the inherent flexibility, the problem of vibration arises. In this research, we investigate the axial viscoelastic behavior of 1/32″ braided steel cables. The essential idea is to determine the parameters of elasticity (k) and viscosity (b) as a function of the length of the cable in its axial direction. It was achieved through the design and construction of a test bench and the design of an experiment. The test bench is a free vibration particular design machine. One end of the cable is fixed to the structure, and in the other end, a load is attached. Then, the load is released, and the free vibration of the cable in the axial direction is registered. The factor of the experiment is the length of the cable. There are six levels, and these were repeated four times. We demonstrated that the braided steel cables have a viscoelastic behavior like a Kelvin-Voigt. Also, we found a relation between the effective length of the cables and the parameters of elasticity and viscosity.

III. An experimental determination of the velocity of sound

1872 ◽  
Vol 20 (130-138) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
The Other ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Port Elizabeth

A galvanic current passes from the batteries at the Royal Observatory, Cape Town, at 1 o’clock, and discharges a gun at the Castle, and through relays drops a time-ball at Port Elizabeth. It appeared to the author that a valuable determination of the velocity of sound might be obtained by measuring upon the chronograph of the Observatory the interval between the time of the sound reaching some point near the gun and that of its arrival at the Observatory. As there is only a single wire between the Observatory and Cape Town, some little difficulty was experienced in making the necessary arrangements, without any interference with the 1 o’clock current to Port Elizabeth; but this difficulty was overcome by a plan which the author describes, and which was brought into successful operation on Feb. 27, 1871. The experiments could not have been carried out, on account of the encroachment they would have made on the time of the Observatory staff, had it not been for the assistance of J. Den, Esq., the acting manager of the Cape Telegraph Company, to whom the author is indebted for the preparation of a good earth-connexion near the gun, for permission to Mr. Kirby, a gentleman attached to the telegraph office, to assist in the experiments, and for a general superintendence of the arrangements at Cape Town. The observed times of hearing the sound were recorded on the chronograph by two observers, situated one (Mr. Kirby) at a distance of 641 feet from the gun, the other (Mr. Mann) at the Observatory, at a distance of 15,449 feet from the gun. The former distance was sufficient to allow the connexion of the main wire to be broken at the telegraph office after the gun had been fired, but before the sound reached the first observer.

Experimental Determination of the Effect of the Surface Curvature on Rolling Resistance Measurements4

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Freudenmann ◽  
H.-J. Unrau ◽  
M. El-Haji
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Surface Curvature ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Combined Test ◽  
Modified Formula ◽  
New Formula

Abstract REFERENCE: Freudenmann, T., Unrau, H.-J., and El-Haji, M., "Experimental Determination of the Effect of the Surface Curvature on Rolling Resistance Measurements," Tire Science and Technology, TSTCA, Vol. 37, No. 4, October - December 2009, pp. 254-278. Vehicle and tire manufacturers usually perform rolling resistance measurements on external drums with diameters of 1.71 or 2.0 m. The rolling resistance measured on these test benches is higher than the actual rolling resistance measured on a flat surface. This deviation is caused by the drums’ curvature. In 1979, S. K. Clark aimed to solve this problem by developing a formula, which converts the rolling resistance of a tire measured on a curved surface into the corresponding rolling resistance on a plane. This formula is still used today in ISO and SAE standards. To verify Clark’s universally accepted formula, a research project was initiated at the Universität Karlsruhe. A combined test bench that allows measurements on two external drums of different diameter and a continuous flat track with the same wheel suspension was built up and came into operation. The rolling resistances of six different tires on the three surfaces were measured under variation in operational parameters, such as tire load and inflation pressure. Comparison of converted values from measurements on external drums with flat track measurements showed the necessity for an upgrade of the existing formula. By conducting a multiple regression analysis, which took various tire properties and operational parameters into account, a modified formula was derived. Application of this new formula on the measurement data of the six tires as well as on further measurements showed excellent results.

Experimental Determination of the Mass Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel Using Dynamics and Statistical Methods

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pezhman Hassanpour ◽  
Monica Weaser ◽  
Ray Colquhoun ◽  
Khaled Alghemlas ◽  
Abdullah Alrashdan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Accurate Result ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia

This paper presents the analysis of the mass moment of inertia (MMI) of a flywheel using experiment data. This analysis includes developing two models for determining the MMI of the flywheel. The first model considers the effect of mass moment of inertia only, while the second model takes the effect of friction in the ball bearings into consideration. The experiment results have been used along with both models to estimate the MMI of the flywheel. It has been demonstrated that while the model with no friction can be used for estimating the MMI to some extent, the model with friction produces the most accurate result. On the other hand, an effective application of the model with friction requires several experimental measurements using different standard masses. This translates into more expensive method in terms of experiment time and equipment cost.

Experimental Determination of the Cinematic Misfit within the Transmission of a 4x4 Vehicle that Leads to Self-Generated Torque along the Vehicle’s Inter-Axle Driveline

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 262-267
Author(s):  
Marian Truta ◽  
Marin Marinescu ◽  
Octavian Alexa ◽  
Radu Vilau ◽  
Valentin Vinturis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
The Way

Present paper aims at revealing a way to determine the cinematic misfit within a 4x4 vehicle’s inter-axle driveline, which is eventually the reason of the self-generated torque occurrence. We used experimental methods to determine the magnitude of the cinematic misfit. Within this frame, we used a vehicle that has a longitudinal (inter-axle) differential and we locked it, actually forcing the longitudinal transmission to work without differentiating the angular speeds on its output shafts. On the other hand, the tire radii were different, inducing the above-mentioned cinematic misfit that we were looking for. We also present the way we fit the transducers on the vehicle’s driveline components to measure the needed parameters. The paper also presents some theoretical considerations regarding the occurrence of the cinematic misfit and its way of generating closed power loops within the vehicle’s transmission.

scholarly journals Experimental determination of the curvature-induced intra-wall polarization of inorganic nanotubes

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire PIGNIE ◽  
Sabyasachi Patra ◽  
Lucie HUART ◽  
Aleksandar Milosavljevic ◽  
Jean-Philippe Renault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Nanotubes

Inspired from a natural nano-mineral known as imogolite, aluminosilicate inorganic nanotubes are appealing systems for photocatalysis. One is completely hydrophilic (IMO-OH), while the other has a hydrophilic exterior and a...

scholarly journals Experimental study of reclining the cultivator’s paws on spring racks

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Buryanov ◽  
Vitaliy I. Ignatenko ◽  
Ivan V. Ignatenko ◽  
Ivan L. Vyalikov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Light Medium

The article describes the results of experimental determination of the trajectories of the toe of cultivator paws on spring racks of three types: light, medium and heavy. The trajectory was determined by loading on the test bench. It is established that the trajectories are non-linear in nature, and elastic displacements lead to the deepening of the toe of the paw, which violates the established depth of stroke. The loading ranges of the racks are defined, under which the deepening does not exceed the limits of agroadmission. The greatest recession was noted in middle racks, the smallest in heavy racks. It was concluded that it is necessary to monitor the recess of the toe of the feet mounted on the spring post.

Experimental Determination of Spectral Transmittance of Porous Cerium Dioxide in the Range 900–1700 nm

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krithiga Ganesan ◽  
Wojciech Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiation Wavelength ◽  
Spectral Transmittance ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract Overall transmittance of porous cerium dioxide is measured in the spectral range of 900–1700 nm using dispersive spectroscopy. Dense and porous samples of cerium dioxide with average porosities of 0.08 and 0.72, respectively, are investigated. The transmittance of both sample types increases with decreasing thickness, and this trend is more pronounced for the dense samples. The on-average spectrally increasing transmittance of the dense samples is attributed to the decreasing absorption by bulk cerium dioxide with radiation wavelength. The transmittance of the porous samples, on the other hand, remains approximately constant over the spectrum. Porous samples attenuate radiation stronger than the dense samples at any wavelength in the considered range, and it is hypothesized that this effect is due to more intense scattering. Sharp local variations of the transmittance are observed for both sample types.

On: “Experimental determination of effective demagnetizing factors for a short cylinder” by Knut Åm and Rune Otto Stemland (GEOPHYSICS, v. 40, p. 527–29)

Geophysics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-775
Author(s):  
Sven‐Erik Hjelt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Demagnetizing Factor ◽  
Short Cylinder ◽  
The One

The authors have introduced the concept of effective demagnetizing factor to be used when measuring susceptibilities of highly magnetized samples. They have used one experiment to show that the factor thus defined differs considerably from factors computed theoretically. From its definition, it seems obvious that the numerical value of the effective demagnetizing factor will depend on the measuring geometry and, more so, on the shape of the sample. Furthermore, the relation between the new demagnetizing factor and susceptibilities calculated using it on the one hand, and true magnetization on the other hand, is far from trivial.

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