Cutting Force Prediction of Ball End Milling Based on Fully Voxel Representation of Cutting Edge and Instantaneous Workpiece Shape
A new cutting force simulator has been developed to predict cutting force in ball end milling. This new simulator discretely calculates uncut chip thickness based on a fully voxel representation of the cutting edge and instantaneous workpiece shape. Previously, a workpiece voxel model was used to calculate uncut chip thickness under a complex change of workpiece shape. Using a workpiece voxel model, uncut chip thickness is detected by extracting the voxels removed per cutting edge tooth for the amount of material fed into the cutting edge. However, it is difficult to define the complicated shape of a cutting edge using the workpiece voxel model; the shape of the cutting edge must be defined by a mathematical expression. It is also difficult to model the voxels removed by the cutting edge when the tool posture is non-uniformly changed. We therefore propose a new method to detect uncut chip thickness, one in which both the cutting edge and the instantaneous workpiece shape are fully represented by a voxel model. Our proposed method precisely detects uncut chip thickness at minute tool rotational angles, making it possible to detect the uncut chip thickness between the complex surface shape of the workpiece and the particular shape of the cutting edge. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, experimental 5-axis milling tests using a ball end mill were conducted. Estimated milling forces for several tool postures were found to be in good agreement with the measured milling forces. Results from the experimental 5-axis milling validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.