Quantitative evaluation on the depth and spread of light propagation in skin tissue using Monte Carlo simulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syoki Takahashi ◽  
Takaaki Maeda ◽  
Hideki Funamizu ◽  
Tomonori Yuasa ◽  
Yoshihisa Aizu
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Andrea Marin ◽  
Carey Williamson

Craps is a simple dice game that is popular in casinos around the world. While the rules for Craps, and its mathematical analysis, are reasonably straightforward, this paper instead focuses on the best ways to cheat at Craps, by using loaded (biased) dice. We use both analytical modeling and simulation modeling to study this intriguing dice game. Our modeling results show that biasing a die away from the value 1 or towards the value 5 lead to the best (and least detectable) cheating strategies, and that modest bias on two loaded dice can increase the winning probability above 50%. Our Monte Carlo simulation results provide validation for our analytical model, and also facilitate the quantitative evaluation of other scenarios, such as heterogeneous or correlated dice.


2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (679) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao FUKUTA ◽  
Yasuhiro AKAHOSHI ◽  
Yoshihito KUROSHIMA ◽  
Shoji HARADA

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tinet ◽  
Laurent Servant ◽  
F. Carmona ◽  
Sigrid Avrillier ◽  
Jean-Pierre Ollivier

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