scholarly journals A methodology for identifying task features that facilitate sensemaking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amogh Sirnoorkar ◽  
James T. Laverty
Keyword(s):  
Task Features

scholarly journals Learner attention to form in ACCESS task-based interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phung Dao ◽  
Noriko Iwashita ◽  
Elizabeth Gatbonton
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Linguistic Item ◽  
Task Modeling ◽  
Task Features

This study explored the potential effects of communicative tasks developed using a reformulation of a task-based language teaching called Automatization in Communicative Contexts of Essential Speech Sequences (ACCESS) that includes automatization of language elements as one of its goals on learner attention to form in task-based interaction. The interaction data collected from a class for English as a second language (ESL) over a four-week period was analysed for incidence, outcome and characteristics (i.e. focus, initiation, response, and turn length) of language-related episodes (LREs) operationalized as evidence of learner attention to form. The results showed that during ACCESS task-based interactions, learners attended to form as reflected in a large number of LREs. Despite being brief, a majority of these LREs were correctly resolved, self-initiated, self- and other-responded, and focused on the target linguistic item: past-tense verbs. These results are discussed in terms of the potential effects of ACCESS task principles, different task features (i.e. task complexity, pre-task modeling, speaker role and group size), and learners’ approach to tasks on the incidence and characteristics of LREs.

Seeking RSVP Task Features Correlated with P300 Speller Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungho Won ◽  
Moonyoung Kwon ◽  
Sunghan Lee ◽  
Sehyeon Jang ◽  
Jongmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P300 Speller ◽  
Task Features

scholarly journals Peer Argumentation in the School Science Laboratory—Exploring effects of task features

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 2527-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Morten Kind ◽  
Vanessa Kind ◽  
Avi Hofstein ◽  
Janine Wilson
Keyword(s):  
School Science ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Task Features

Applying the Gale-Shapley Stable Matching Algorithm to Peer Human-Robot Task Allocation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena L. Carano ◽  
Shih-Yuan Liu ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Task Allocation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Stable Matching ◽  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Task Distribution ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Task Features ◽  
Robot Task

When human and robotic agents work together, the challenge in assigning tasks lies in exploiting human strengths, such as expertise and intuition, while still managing the heterogeneous agent team in a near-optimal way. An extension to the Gale-Shapley stable matching algorithm that combines a sequential greedy approach is proposed to apply to task allocation missions. Conventional task features are modeled in the form of task preferences; agent inputs are modeled in the form of agent preferences. The algorithm is applied to a bomb defusal scenario, where bomb location is known but time for each agent to defuse each bomb is supplied through agent preferences. Simulation results are presented, and the sequential greedy Gale-Shapley algorithm is compared to a corresponding sequential single-item auction algorithm under three evaluation criteria — mission completion time, agent-task pair regret, and evenness of task distribution among agents.

scholarly journals Search task features in work tasks of varying types and complexity

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miamaria Saastamoinen ◽  
Kalervo Järvelin
Keyword(s):  
Search Task ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Task Features

scholarly journals Medial temporal and prefrontal cortices encode structural task representations at different levels of abstraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam C Berens ◽  
Chris M Bird
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Relational Information ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Task Features ◽  
Task Representations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Inference Task

Memory generalisations may be underpinned by either encoding- or retrieval-based mechanisms. We used a transitive inference task to investigate whether these generalisation mechanisms are influenced by progressive vs randomly interleaved training, and overnight consolidation. On consecutive days, participants learnt pairwise discriminations from two transitive hierarchies before being tested during fMRI. Inference performance was consistently better following progressive training, and for pairs further apart in the transitive hierarchy. BOLD pattern similarity correlated with hierarchical distances in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). These results are consistent with the use of representations that directly encode structural relationships between different task features. Furthermore, BOLD patterns in MPFC were similar across the two independent hierarchies. We conclude that humans preferentially employ encoding-based mechanisms to store map-like relational codes that can be used for memory generalisation. While both MTL and MPFC support these representations, the MPFC encodes more abstract relational information.

scholarly journals Canonical goal-selective representations are absent from prefrontal cortex in a spatial working memory task requiring behavioral flexibility

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Böhm ◽  
Albert K Lee
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Task Features

The prefrontal cortex (PFC)’s functions are thought to include working memory, as its activity can reflect information that must be temporarily maintained to realize the current goal. We designed a flexible spatial working memory task that required rats to navigate – after distractions and a delay – to multiple possible goal locations from different starting points and via multiple routes. This made the current goal location the key variable to remember, instead of a particular direction or route to the goal. However, across a broad population of PFC neurons, we found no evidence of current-goal-specific memory in any previously reported form – that is differences in the rate, sequence, phase, or covariance of firing. This suggests that such patterns do not hold working memory in the PFC when information must be employed flexibly. Instead, the PFC grouped locations representing behaviorally equivalent task features together, consistent with a role in encoding long-term knowledge of task structure.

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