Some effects of speaking rate on timing in speech production

1977 ◽  
Vol 61 (S1) ◽  
pp. S91-S91
Author(s):  
G. Weismet ◽  
D. Ingrisano
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speaking Rate

scholarly journals Altered speech patterns in subjects with post-traumatic headache due to mild traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine D. Chong ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Teresa Wu ◽  
Gina Dumkrieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background/objective Changes in speech can be detected objectively before and during migraine attacks. The goal of this study was to interrogate whether speech changes can be detected in subjects with post-traumatic headache (PTH) attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and whether there are within-subject changes in speech during headaches compared to the headache-free state. Methods Using a series of speech elicitation tasks uploaded via a mobile application, PTH subjects and healthy controls (HC) provided speech samples once every 3 days, over a period of 12 weeks. The following speech parameters were assessed: vowel space area, vowel articulation precision, consonant articulation precision, average pitch, pitch variance, speaking rate and pause rate. Speech samples of subjects with PTH were compared to HC. To assess speech changes associated with PTH, speech samples of subjects during headache were compared to speech samples when subjects were headache-free. All analyses were conducted using a mixed-effect model design. Results Longitudinal speech samples were collected from nineteen subjects with PTH (mean age = 42.5, SD = 13.7) who were an average of 14 days (SD = 32.2) from their mTBI at the time of enrollment and thirty-one HC (mean age = 38.7, SD = 12.5). Regardless of headache presence or absence, PTH subjects had longer pause rates and reductions in vowel and consonant articulation precision relative to HC. On days when speech was collected during a headache, there were longer pause rates, slower sentence speaking rates and less precise consonant articulation compared to the speech production of HC. During headache, PTH subjects had slower speaking rates yet more precise vowel articulation compared to when they were headache-free. Conclusions Compared to HC, subjects with acute PTH demonstrate altered speech as measured by objective features of speech production. For individuals with PTH, speech production may have been more effortful resulting in slower speaking rates and more precise vowel articulation during headache vs. when they were headache-free, suggesting that speech alterations were related to PTH and not solely due to the underlying mTBI.

Can a Model of Overlapping Gestures Account for Scanning Speech Patterns?

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Tjaden
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Production Theory ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Speech Patterns ◽  
Disordered Speech ◽  
Acoustic Measure

A simple acoustic model of overlapping, sliding gestures was used to evaluate whether coproduction was reduced for neurologic speakers with scanning speech patterns. F2 onset frequency was used as an acoustic measure of coproduction or gesture overlap. The effects of speaking rate (habitual versus fast) and utterance position (initial versus medial) on F2 frequency, and presumably gesture overlap, were examined. Regression analyses also were used to evaluate the extent to which across-repetition temporal variability in F2 trajectories could be explained as variation in coproduction for consonants and vowels. The lower F2 onset frequencies for disordered speakers suggested that gesture overlap was reduced for neurologic individuals with scanning speech. Speaking rate change did not influence F2 onset frequencies, and presumably gesture overlap, for healthy or disordered speakers. F2 onset frequency differences for utterance-initial and -medial repetitions were interpreted to suggest reduced coproduction for the utterance-initial position. The utterance-position effects on F2 onset frequency, however, likely were complicated by position-related differences in articulatory scaling. The results of the regression analysis indicated that gesture sliding accounts, in part, for temporal variability in F2 trajectories. Taken together, the results of this study provide support for the idea that speech production theory for healthy talkers helps to account for disordered speech production.

Effects of Speaking Rate Changes on Native and Nonnative Speech Production

Phonetica ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marie Schmidt ◽  
James Emil Flege
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speaking Rate

scholarly journals Nonlinear development of speaking rate in child-directed speech

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Eon-Suk Ko
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Development ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Parallel Pattern ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

The current study investigated if the speaking rate in Child-Directed Speech (CDS) changes over the course of child language development, and, if so, what the nature of that change is. The developmental path of CDS speaking rate was analyzed in 25 mother-child pairs from longitudinal corpora in CHILDES database. The results were then compared with the developmental pattern of speaking rate in child-produced speech. A parallel analysis was made on the development of mean length of utterance (MLU) in mother and child. The findings suggest that CDS speaking rate dynamically changes with shifts occurring around the onset of child speech production and again during the multiword stage. A parallel pattern of nonlinearity was also observed in the speaking rate of the child and the MLU of both mother and child. Phonological precision effects in CDS (e.g. exaggerated VOT) are explained as a by-product of varying speaking rate. Implications of the findings for studies of language acquisition are discussed.

A Case Study of an Ataxic Dysarthric: Cineradiographic and Spectrographic Observations

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Kent ◽  
Ronald Netsell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Skilled Movement ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Neuromuscular Abnormalities ◽  
Ataxic Dysarthria ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stress Patterns

Cineradiographic and spectrographs analyses were performed to study the speech production of a subject who presented the classical neurologic signs of cerebellar lesion and who had speech characteristics like those that have been reported for ataxic dysarthria. These analyses were conducted with special attention to the deviant perceptual dimensions that have been described for ataxic speech. Examination of the cineradiographic and spectrographic records revealed conspicuous abnormalities in speaking rate, stress patterns, articulatory placements for both vowels and consonants, velocities of articulator movements, and fundamental frequency contours. In general, our physiological and acoustic observations of ataxic dysarthria were compatible wth existing perceptual descriptions of this condition. The data for the subject are discussed in the light of current hypotheses concerning cerebellar participation in the regulation of skilled movement. Particular suggestions are made concerning the nature of the neuromuscular abnormalities that may underlie the aberrant motorics of ataxic dysarthria.

scholarly journals Speed–Curvature Relations in Speech Production Challenge the 1/3 Power Law

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Perrier ◽  
Susanne Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Good Account ◽  
Tongue Movements ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Speech Kinematics

Relations between tangential velocity and trajectory curvature are analyzed for tongue movements during speech production in the framework of the 1/3 power law, discovered by Viviani and colleagues for arm movements. In 2004, Tasko and Westbury found for American English that the power function provides a good account of speech kinematics, but with an exponent that varies across articulators. The present work aims at broadening Tasko and Westbury's study 1) by analyzing speed–curvature relations for various languages (French, German, Mandarin) and for a biomechanical tongue model simulating speech gestures at various speaking rates and 2) by providing for each speaker or each simulated speaking rate a comparison of results found for the complete set of movements with those found for each movement separately. It is found that the 1/3 power law offers a fair description of the global speed–curvature relations for all speakers and all languages, when articulatory speech data are considered in their whole. This is also observed in the simulations, where the motor control model does not specify any kinematic property of the articulatory paths. However, the refined analysis for individual movements reveals numerous exceptions to this law: the velocity always decreases when curvature increases, but the slope in the log–log representation is variable. It is concluded that the speed–curvature relation is not controlled in speech movements and that it accounts only for general properties of the articulatory movements, which could arise from vocal tract dynamics or/and from stochastic characteristics of the measured signals.

The Effect of Pacing Strategies on the Variability of Speech Movement Sequences in Dysarthria

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
General Slowing ◽  
Normal Controls

There are many potential sources of variability in speech production, particularly in individuals with dysarthria. The degree and time course of stabilization of the speech production system during recovery from a neurological insult is not constant across individuals. Another source of variability in speech production is speaking rate. Although individuals with no neurological impairments typically show increased variability at reduced speaking rates, this phenomenon has not been explored extensively in individuals with dysarthria. Because rate control strategies are commonly used in dysarthria treatment, it is of clinical importance to know if individuals with dysarthria produce less variable speech with rate reduction. Six individuals with mild dysarthria, 6 with moderate-to-severe dysarthria, and 6 matched normal controls repeated an utterance in four speaking rate conditions: habitual, fast, breaks between words, and stretched. Data were analyzed using the spatiotemporal index (STI), a composite measure of spatial and temporal variability across token repetitions. The normal controls consistently demonstrated the least variability, regardless of rate condition. Both groups with dysarthria were the least variable in the stretched condition and the most variable in the fast condition. The STI values of the group with moderate-to-severe dysarthria were significantly different from both the individuals with mild dysarthria and the normal controls. There were no significant differences between the group with mild dysarthria and the normal controls. In general, slowing the speaking rate in individuals with dysarthria reduces spatiotemporal variability; however, the effect of reduced spatiotemporal variability on intelligibility requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Nonword Repetition by Children With Cochlear Implants

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Dillon ◽  
Rose A. Burkholder ◽  
Miranda Cleary ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Phonological Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Rehearsal

Seventy-six children with cochlear implants completed a nonword repetition task. The children were presented with 20 nonword auditory patterns over a loud-speaker and were asked to repeat them aloud to the experimenter. The children's responses were recorded on digital audiotape and then played back to normal-hearing adult listeners to obtain accuracy ratings on a 7-point scale. The children's nonword repetition performance, as measured by these perceptual accuracy ratings, could be predicted in large part by their performance on independently collected measures of speech perception, verbal rehearsal speed, and speech production. The strongest contributing variable was speaking rate, which is widely argued to reflect verbal rehearsal speed in phonological working memory. Children who had become deaf at older ages received higher perceptual ratings. Children whose early linguistic experience and educational environments emphasized oral communication methods received higher perceptual ratings than children enrolled in total communication programs. The present findings suggest that individual differences in performance on nonword repetition are strongly related to variability observed in the component processes involved in language imitation tasks, including measures of speech perception, speech production, and especially verbal rehearsal speed in phonological working memory. In addition, onset of deafness at a later age and an educational environment emphasizing oral communication may be beneficial to the children's ability to develop the robust phonological processing skills necessary to accurately repeat novel, nonword sound patterns.

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