A Versatile Drop Test Procedure for the Simulation of Impact Environments

Noise Control ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Brooks ◽  
Huey D. Carden
Keyword(s):  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Chin

It is important to identify the robustness of product (or embedded component inside the product) against shock due to free drop. With the increasing mobile and fast-paced lifestyle of the average consumer, much is required of the products; such as consumers expect mobile products to continue to operate after drop impact. Since free drop test is commonly used to evaluate the robustness of small component embedded in MP3 player, it is difficult to produce a repeatable shock reading due to highly uncontrolled orientation during the impact on ground. Hence attention has been focus on shock table testing, which produces a higher repeatable result. But it failed to demonstrate the actual shock with the presence of rotational movement due to free drop and also it suffers from a similar limitation of repeatability. From drop to drop, shock tables can vary about ± 5% in velocity change but suitable for making a consistent tracking the product improvement.Although many test procedure (such as ASTM D3332 [5]) have been written around shock test machines, as a whole, the test perform on the shock tables have no direct correlation over the free-drop testing. Since both will have some velocity change variability. Some products react more to torsion forces than they do to orthogonal forces, fortunately, due to the size of the product, the exposure to this torsion force is less prominent. Since the intent of lab testing is to re-create real world events, a unique ways to establish a shock test that encompasses the features of the two tests are needed. Thus, establishing the robustness of the small component against shock due to topple drop at various tilt angle under different drop orientations and platform (such as on the office table), on a MP3 player is needed. This eventually enables a high repeatable and realistic shock testing for product performance evaluation in MP3 player.There are few advantages of using tilt tester for shock testing. Firstly, close approximations to the actual free drops test with better repeatability. Secondly, it ensures that the shock level is reduced prior to performing a final free drop test (using actual product) and hence reduces the cost. Thirdly, it reduces the number of trials and cycle time needed for shock testing. Lastly, it provides a platform for shock absorber design for component (embedded in the MP3 player) as shown in the Section 3.


Author(s):  
Woo-Seok Choi ◽  
Kyoung-O Nam ◽  
Kyoung-Sik Bang ◽  
Ju-Chan Lee ◽  
Ki-Seog Seo

A new type of dry storage system has been developed in Korea. The dry storage cask under development consists of a cask body, a canister, and an in-canister structure. The in-canister structure is a complicated structure with many baskets and spacer disks. The spacer disks are originally designed to dissipate the heat from the baskets but they also influence the structural behavior. To evaluate a spacer disks’ influence on the overall structure behavior, especially on the characteristics when it is under a drop test, analyses and tests were conducted. Based on the analysis result, the sensor location and type is determined. Test result is utilized to validate the analysis result. After the drop tests, some strain gauges were detached from the original positions since the relative displacement between a basket and a disk removed the cable from the sensor. Thus, careful attention has to be paid when installing the sensors and cabling inside the in-canister structure. By means of these analyses and tests, the availability of the sensor and cabling arrangement is evaluated and a test procedure is established.


1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz F. Hornke

Summary: Item parameters for several hundreds of items were estimated based on empirical data from several thousands of subjects. The logistic one-parameter (1PL) and two-parameter (2PL) model estimates were evaluated. However, model fit showed that only a subset of items complied sufficiently, so that the remaining ones were assembled in well-fitting item banks. In several simulation studies 5000 simulated responses were generated in accordance with a computerized adaptive test procedure along with person parameters. A general reliability of .80 or a standard error of measurement of .44 was used as a stopping rule to end CAT testing. We also recorded how often each item was used by all simulees. Person-parameter estimates based on CAT correlated higher than .90 with true values simulated. For all 1PL fitting item banks most simulees used more than 20 items but less than 30 items to reach the pre-set level of measurement error. However, testing based on item banks that complied to the 2PL revealed that, on average, only 10 items were sufficient to end testing at the same measurement error level. Both clearly demonstrate the precision and economy of computerized adaptive testing. Empirical evaluations from everyday uses will show whether these trends will hold up in practice. If so, CAT will become possible and reasonable with some 150 well-calibrated 2PL items.


1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Barnett ◽  
J. Cynthia ◽  
F. Jane ◽  
Nancy Gutensohn ◽  
B. Davies

A Bayesian model that provides probabilistic information about the spread of malignancy in a Hodgkin’s disease patient has been developed at the Tufts New England Medical Center. In assessing the model’s reliability, it seemed important to use it to make predictions about patients other than those relevant to its construction. The accuracy of these predictions could then be tested statistically. This paper describes such a test, based on 243 Hodgkin’s disease patients of known pathologic stage. The results obtained were supportive of the model, and the test procedure might interest those wishing to determine whether the imperfections that attend any attempt to make probabilistic forecasts have gravely damaged their accuracy.


1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
E. A Loeliger ◽  
M. J Boekhout-Mussert ◽  
L. P van Halem-Visser ◽  
J. D. E Habbema ◽  
H de Jonge

SummaryThe present study concerned the reproducibility of the so-called prothrombin time as assessed with a series of more commonly used modifications of the Quick’s onestage assay procedure, i.e. the British comparative reagent, homemade human brain thromboplastin, Simplastin, Simplastin A, and Thrombotest. All five procedures were tested manually on pooled lyophilized normal and patients’ plasmas. In addition, Simplastin A and Thrombotest were investigated semiautomatically on individual freshly prepared patients’ plasmas. From the results obtained, the following conclusions may be drawn :The reproducibility of results obtained with manual reading on lyophilized plasmas is satisfactory for all five test procedures. For Simplastin, the reproducibility of values in the range of insufficient anticoagulation is relatively low due to the low discrimination power of the test procedure in the near-normal range (so-called low sensitivity of rabbit brain thromboplastins). The reproducibility of Thrombotest excels as a consequence of its particularly easily discerned coagulation endpoint.The reproducibility of Thrombotest, when tested on freshly prepared plasmas using Schnitger’s semiautomatic coagulometer (a fibrinometer-liJce apparatus), is no longer superior to that of Simplastin A.The constant of proportionality between the coagulation times formed with Simplastin A and Thrombotest was estimated at 0.64.Reconstituted Thrombotest is stable for 24 hours when stored at 4° C, whereas reconstituted Simplastin A is not.The Simplastin A method and Thrombotest seem to be equally sensitive to “activation” of blood coagulation upon storage.


1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MOSES ◽  
N. SEFER ◽  
M. VALTIERRA

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