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Biotemas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Andressa Penedo de Paiva Estrella ◽  
Amanda Silva Hecktheuer ◽  
Fabienne Antunes Ferreira ◽  
Ricardo Ruiz Mazzon

Leptospira interrogans is one of the causative agents of human leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Nowadays, this zoonosis is considered one of the biggest in terms of morbidity and mortality (even considering Dengue, the major arbovirosis affecting humans), having in Brazil 3,800 human cases per year. Currently, difficulties imposed by the absence of a rapid, sensitive diagnostic test that can be used as a routine test for the detection of leptospirosis lead to misdiagnosis and underreported cases. The gold standard diagnostic test for leptospirosis is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which presents difficulties in execution and interpretation. Therefore, this review proposes a general view of the epidemiologic situation of the disease in Brazil, in addition to the current contributions in the literature for the development of new diagnostic methods. Amongst them, the gene sequences polymorphism analysis, which presents potential for phylogenetic and populational analysis and genotyping of Leptospira spp.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Motlagh ◽  
Fatemeh Elmi ◽  
Maisa Yamrali ◽  
Mansour Ranjbar ◽  
Mehrdad Azmin ◽  
...  

AbstractCancer patients are at risk for severe complications or death from COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the need for routine COVID-19 testing in this population was evaluated. Between 1st August and 30th October 2020, 150 cancer patients were included. Symptoms of COVID-19 infection were evaluated. All eligible individuals went through RT-PCR and serological tests for COVID-19. At the same time, 920 non-cancer patients were recruited from a random sample of individuals who were subject to routine molecular and anti-body screening tests. Of 150 cancer patients, 7 (4.7%) were RT-PCR positive. Comorbidity made a significant difference in the RT-PCR positivity of cancer patients, 71.4% positive versus 25.8% negative (P-value = 0.02). The average age for negative and positive groups was 53.3 and 58.2 respectively (P-value = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between cancer and non-cancer patients regarding COVID-19 antibody tests. However, cancer patients were 3 times less likely to have a positive RT-PCR test result OR = 0.33 (CI: 0.15–0.73). The probability of cancer patients having a positive routine test was significantly lower than non-cancer patients, and the concept that all cancer patients should be routinely tested for COVID-19 may be incorrect. Nevertheless, there may be a subgroup of patients with comorbidities or older age who may benefit from routine COVID-19 testing. Importantly, these results could not be subjected to multivariate analysis.


Author(s):  
Inmaculada Farran ◽  
Pilar Silvente

Abstract: The concept of sustainability applied to sports activities means ensuring that the economic benefits brought about by their development are not obtained at the expense of causing ecological damage or interference in local cultural habits. A cable-ski is a nautical ski system whereby a motorboat is substituted by a cable traction system powered by an electric motor. The effect on the quality of the water in those places that can boast cable-ski facilities has been described in cold freshwater lakes. Objective: Our purpose was to study the evolution of water quality in a ten-year period after the installation of a cable-ski facility in a warm, salted, semi-stagnant pond. Material and Method: Review of the data gathered from the routine test carried out by the Laboratory of the Council of Alcúdia from 2010 to 2019 Results: The levels of dissolved oxygen have increased, being significantly higher in the period 2016 – 2019 than in that of 2010 – 2015. The turbidity of the water has also seen a reduction in the second period with respect to the first. Conclusion: It seems that cable-ski improves the quality of water even warm, high-conductivity, semi-stagnant conditions


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253329
Author(s):  
Jiaqing Luo ◽  
Lingyun Zhou ◽  
Yunyu Feng ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Shujin Guo

The global pandemic of COVID-19 poses a huge threat to the health and lives of people all over the world, and brings unprecedented pressure to the medical system. We need to establish a practical method to improve the efficiency of treatment and optimize the allocation of medical resources. Due to the influx of a large number of patients into the hospital and the running of medical resources, blood routine test became the only possible check while COVID-19 patients first go to a fever clinic in a community hospital. This study aims to establish an efficient method to identify key indicators from initial blood routine test results for COVID-19 severity prediction. We determined that age is a key indicator for severity predicting of COVID-19, with an accuracy of 0.77 and an AUC of 0.92. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, we proposed a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) algorithm, which combines the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Naïve Bayes (NB) classifier, to further select effective indicators from patients’ initial blood test results. The MCDM algorithm selected 3 dominant feature subsets: {Age, WBC, LYMC, NEUT} with a selection rate of 44%, {Age, NEUT, LYMC} with a selection rate of 38%, and {Age, WBC, LYMC} with a selection rate of 9%. Using these feature subsets, the optimized prediction model could achieve an accuracy of 0.82 and an AUC of 0.93. These results indicated that Age, WBC, LYMC, NEUT were the key factors for COVID-19 severity prediction. Using age and the indicators selected by the MCDM algorithm from initial blood routine test results can effectively predict the severity of COVID-19. Our research could not only help medical workers identify patients with severe COVID-19 at an early stage, but also help doctors understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 through key indicators.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
O. G. Sivkov

Finding a simple reproducible routine test is relevant for the determination of post-pyloric feeding tolerance.Aim. To evaluate in a pilot study the usefulness of acetaminophen absorption test with post-pyloric drug administration in patients with generalized secondary peritonitis.Materials and methods. Acetaminophen absorption test was performed in patients with generalized secondary peritonitis. 0.5 g of drug was administered into the lumen of the small intestine through the nasojejunal tube and after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 90 min its blood level was determined. The first group (n=14) of variables was taken from patients whose test was performed immediately after the surgery. The second group results (n=10) were obtained from the same patients who were tested when they were able to absorb >1 l/day of enteral nutrition without signs of intolerance.Results. When comparing the concentration of acetaminophen in the blood after the drug administration into the bowel of patients with peritonitis immediately after surgery and at the time when the assimilation of bowel feeding had become possible, it was found that the most significant differences were detected within the time interval of 5–20 minutes after the drug administration (P<0.001). This time interval is optimal for harvesting blood samples during the acetaminophen test procedure.Conclusion. Bowel absorption of acetaminophen may be informative for predicting the feasibility of adequate post-pyloric enteral feeding of patients with generalized secondary peritonitis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Deng ◽  
Dan Lu ◽  
Xuanqi Wang ◽  
Jingyi Wang

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to discuss predictive value of a routine urine test for premature rupture of the membranes(PROM).Methods: We carried out the retrospective research after collecting routine urine test data from 45 cases of full preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and 45 cases of full-term preterm premature rupture of membranes (fPROM). In addition 70 healthy pregnant women (Normal) and 70 non-pregnant adult healthy women were enrolled. Parametric and Non-parametric tests was performed respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was established and we further calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). In this study multiple cutoffs were selected, afterwords the positive predictive value (PPV), the negative predictive value (NPV), the positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) were further calculated by sensitivity and specificity with the aim of finding the best cutoff point.Results: The results indicated that S/G and COND were significantly different between PROM and Non-pregnant and Normal groups. Significant differences in pH, WBCs, RBCs, BAC and EC between the PPROM and Normal groups were observed. When the cutoff for bacteria was 89.15, it had the largest AUC of 0.744. We found that its PPV 70.6%, NPV was 74.1%, +LR was 3.79, and –LR was 0.55.Conclusion: A routine urine test especially for bacterial counts can be used to predict the risk of PROM, which is expected to provide considerable predictive value for PROM.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Oğuz ◽  
Hilal Mercan ◽  
F. Sinem Hocaoglu-Emre

AbstractObjectivesBiological variation (BV) in laboratory tests can be defined as the variation in analyte concentration over time within and between individuals. Glycated albumin (GA) is a ketoamine which is used in the short-term monitoring of diabetes. The aim of this research was to determine BV of GA, glucose, and albumin under a well-designed and standardized protocol.MethodsBlood samples were collected weekly from 21 healthy subjects (10 males, 11 females) for four consecutive weeks. Samples were analyzed using enzymatic methods in duplicate. After subjected to outlier and normality tests, variables as the within-subject biologic coefficient of variation (CVI) and between-subject biologic coefficient of variation (CVG), the index of individuality (II), and reference change value (RCV) were calculated.ResultsAnalytical coefficient of variation (CVA) was 3.5, 1.78, and 2.9%, for GA, glucose and albumin, respectively. The estimates for CVI and CVG: GA: 4.1%, 6.3%; glucose: 3.8%, 4.8%; albumin: 3.5%, 4%. RCVs and IIs were: 15%, 0.60; 12%, 0.79; 13%, 0.9 for GA, glucose and albumin, respectively.ConclusionsThe BV data of GA derived from this study might be applied to understand routine test results better and establish the quality standards for the analyte.


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