Effects of Midline Crossing on Reaction Time and Movement Time with Adolescents Classified as Mildly Mentally Retarded

Students with mild mental retardation (MMR) often demonstrate reluctance, confusion, or performance deterioration when required to perform tasks that require looking, reaching, or stepping across the body’s midline. Sensory integration theorists contend that midline crossing is a predictor of bilateral integration. However, in factor analysis studies, very little variance is accounted for by midline crossing data. The present study viewed midline crossing as a function of information processing and utilized a temporal assessment process rather than the usual spatial assessment process. Results indicated that subjects classified as MMR experienced slower choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time (MT) for stimuli placed across the body’s midline. However, higher functioning subjects with MMR performed equally well on CRT for ipsilateral and crosslateral tasks. The data provide evidence for a developmental hypothesis as an explanation for midline crossing problems.

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Assessing Midline Crossing Ability in Adults with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.23.4.356 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 356-369

Author(s):

Colleen A. Lewis ◽

Paul R. Surburg

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Choice Reaction Time ◽

Movement Time ◽

Standing Position ◽

Subsequent Treatment ◽

Midline Crossing

The purpose of this study was to determine if adults with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) display midline crossing inhibition (MCI) in the lower extremity as measured by choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time (MT) as compared to participants without disabilities. Midline crossing ability was assessed in the standing position using a protocol developed by Eason and Surburg (1993). Both groups were significantly slower in the contralateral direction as compared to the ipsilateral and midline direction as measured by CRT. Results revealed that adults with CP were significantly slower in CRT and MT tasks as compared to participants without disabilities. Assessment of midline crossing ability may provide useful information related to assessment and subsequent treatment as individuals with CP age.

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Fractionated Reaction Times and Movement Times of Down Syndrome and Other Adults with Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.8.3.221 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Walter E. Davis ◽

William A. Sparrow ◽

Terry Ward

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Mental Retardation ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Time Delay ◽

Movement Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Elbow Extension ◽

Total Reaction ◽

Time Motor ◽

Total Reaction Time

A fractionation technique was employed to determine the locus of reaction time delay in Down syndrome (DS) and other adult subjects with mental retardation (MH). Twenty-three subjects (8 nondisabled, 8 MH, and 7 DS) responded to a light, sound, and combination light/sound signal. Dependent measures of premotor time, motor time, total reaction time, and movement time were obtained during a 20° elbow extension movement and were analyzed separately. As expected, both MH and DS subjects were slower and more variable in their responses than the subjects without disabilities. In turn, DS subjects were significantly slower but not more variable than the MH subjects. There were no significant differences between the DS and MH subjects on movement times. Evidence for both a specific (premotor) and a generalized (both premotor and motor) locus of delay was found. Some difference in signal effect was also found for the DS subjects.

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Prospective Study of the Effect of Sensory Integration, Neurodevelopmental Treatment, and Perceptual-Motor Therapy on the Sensorimotor Performance in Children With Mild Mental Retardation

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.63.4.441 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 441-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Y.-P. Wuang ◽

C.-C. Wang ◽

M.-H. Huang ◽

C.-Y. Su

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Sensorimotor Performance

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Posture Control in Mild Mental Retardation

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e579872013-054 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Huh Jin-Young ◽

Lee Jae-Won ◽

Lee Chai-Hang

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Posture Control ◽

Mild Mental Retardation

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Hyperprolinemia type II as a differential diagnosis of mild mental retardation and seizures

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1079539 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (01) ◽

Author(s):

B Reulecke ◽

T Stölting ◽

J Sass ◽

T Marquardt ◽

G Kurlemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Mental Retardation ◽

Type Ii ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Hyperprolinemia Type Ii

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A Study on Phonological Processing Abilities and Writing Abilities of Children with Mild Mental Retardation and Normal Children Group

JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION & REHABILITATION SCIENCE ◽

10.15870/jsers.2016.09.55.3.487 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 487-504

Author(s):

Sung-Suk Jo ◽

Jung-Wan Kim

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Phonological Processing ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Normal Children ◽

Processing Abilities

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Relationship of Reaction Time and Movement Time in a Gross Motor Skill

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1973.36.2.453 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 453-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard Groves

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Movement Time ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Moment Coefficient ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Gross Motor Skill

The purpose of the study was to investigate the independence of reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) in a gross motor skill, the racing start in swimming. RT and MT were quantified for each S by counting frames of film for five trials. The Pearson product-moment coefficient of –.231 ( p > .05) between means indicated that RT and MT were independent factors.

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Physical Fitness of Trained Runners with and without Mild Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.16.2.126 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 126-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Georgia C. Frey ◽

Jeffrey A. McCubbin ◽

Steve Hannigan-Downs ◽

Susan L Kasser ◽

Steven O. Skaggs

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Lower Back ◽

Hamstring Flexibility ◽

Trained Runners

The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness levels of trained runners with mild mental retardation (MMR) (7 males and 2 females, age = 28.7 ± 7.4 years, weight = 67.0 ± 11.7 kg) and those without (7 males and 2 females, age = 29.1 ± 7.5, weight = 68.7 ± 8.8 kg). Paired t tests revealed no differences between runners with and without MMR on measures of V̇O2peak (56.3 ± 9.1 vs. 57.7 ± 4.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1), percent body fat (16.6 ± 8.4 vs. 16.6 ± 3.1), and lower back/hamstring flexibility (33.1 ± 10.9 vs. 28.6 ± 10.1 cm). Knee flexion (KF) and extension (KE) strength were significantly greater in runners without MMR compared to those with MMR (KF peak torque = 65.7 ±7.9 vs. 48.7 ± 15.7 ft/lb; KE peak torque = 138.5 ± 17.7 vs. 104.4 ± 29.9 ft/lb). It was concluded that trained runners with MMR can achieve high levels of physical fitness comparable to individuals without MMR.

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