Hip Abductor Rate of Torque Development as Opposed to Isometric Strength Predicts Peak Knee Valgus During Landing: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Stearns-Reider ◽  
Rachel K. Straub ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Torque Development

Peak knee valgus has been shown to predict anterior cruciate ligament injury. The purpose of the current study was to compare peak rate of torque development (RTD) to peak isometric torque as a predictor of peak knee valgus during landing. Twenty-three healthy females participated. Hip abductor muscle performance was quantified using 2 types of isometric contractions: sustained and rapid. Peak isometric torque was calculated from the sustained isometric contraction. Peak RTD was calculated from the rapid isometric contraction (0–50 and 0–200 ms after force initiation). Kinematic data were collected during the deceleration phase of a double-leg drop jump task. Linear regression was used to assess the ability of hip abductor muscle performance variables to predict peak knee valgus. Increased peak RTD during the 0 to 50 milliseconds window after force initiation was found to significantly predict lower peak knee valgus (P = .011, R2 = .32). In contrast, neither peak RTD from 0 to 200 milliseconds after force initiation window (P = .45, R2 = .03) nor peak isometric torque (P = .49, R2 = .03) predicted peak knee valgus. The inability of the hip abductors to rapidly generate muscular force may be more indicative of “at-risk” movement behavior in females than measures of maximum strength.

scholarly journals Plyometric Exercises from a Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament Prevention Program on the Rate of Isometric Torque Development and Vertical Jump Height

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Doeringer ◽  
Sam Johnson ◽  
Marc Norcorss ◽  
Mark Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Torque Development

Purpose: Plyometric exercises are incorporated in anterior cruciate ligament injures of the knee (ACL) injury prevention programs that have effectively decreased risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injures of the knee injuries, but the impact on the rate of isometric torque development of the musculature of the knee is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week plyometric program pulled from a commonly utilized anterior cruciate ligament injures of the knee injury prevention program on rate of isometric torque development (RTD) in healthy active females. Methods: College-aged participants were randomly split into two different groups (16-plyometric training and 15-control). Plyometric exercises included 180° jumps, bounding for distance, bounding in place, broad jump-stick, cone jumps, hop - hop stick, jump into bounding, jump - jump - jump vertical jump, mattress jumps, scissors jump, single-legged jumps for distance, squat jumps, step-jump up-down-vertical jump, tuck jumps, and wall jumps. Participants in the training group performed the exercises three times a week on alternating days, for 30-minute sessions. All participants performed a vertical jump measurement and completed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of ankle plantar flexion, knee extension, and knee flexion rate of torque development. Results: There was a main effect of session for plantar flexion rate of torque development time windows and vertical jump. The analysis revealed no significant differences for group by session interactions for any other rate of torque development measurement or the vertical jump. Conclusions: Plyometric exercises utilized from an anterior cruciate ligament injures of the knee injury prevention program did not change lower body isometric torque development or vertical jump height of active females. Since the plyometric training did not improve vertical jump, the training may not have been performed vigorous enough for the participants to cause a neuromuscular adaptation. Based on findings, 6-weeks of plyometric training from an isolated ACL injury prevention program should not be used to increase the vertical jump of healthy, active females.

Concurrent Tactile Feedback Provided by a Simple Device Increased Knee Flexion and Decreased Impact Ground Reaction Forces During Landing

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyi Dai ◽  
Mitchell L. Stephenson ◽  
Samantha M. Ellis ◽  
Michael R. Donohue ◽  
Xiaopeng Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Simple Device ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Increased knee flexion and decreased knee valgus angles and decreased impact ground reaction forces (GRF) are associated with decreased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during landing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tactile feedback provided by a simple device on knee flexion and valgus angles and impact GRF during landing. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected when 28 participants performed baseline, training, and evaluation jump-landing trials. During the training trials, the device was placed on participants’ shanks so that participants received tactile feedback when they reached a peak knee flexion angle of a minimum of 100°. During the evaluation trials, participants were instructed to maintain the movement patterns as they learned from the training trials. Participants demonstrated significantly (P < .008) increased peak knee flexion angles, knee flexion range of motion during early landing (first 100 ms of landing) and stance time, decreased impact posterior and vertical GRF during early landing and jump height, and similar knee valgus angles during the evaluation trials compared with the baseline trials. Immediately following training with tactile feedback, participants demonstrated landing patterns associated with decreased ACL loading. This device may have advantages in application because it provides low-cost, independent, and real-time feedback.

Knee Valgus during Drop Jumps in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Athletes

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph ◽  
David Tiberio ◽  
Jennifer L. Baird ◽  
Thomas H. Trojian ◽  
Jeffrey M. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Division I ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background Female athletes land from a jump with greater knee valgus and ankle pronation/eversion. Excessive valgus and pronation have been linked to risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. A medially posted orthosis decreases component motions of knee valgus such as foot pronation/eversion and tibial internal rotation. Hypothesis We hypothesized a medial post would decrease knee valgus and ankle pronation/eversion during drop-jump landings in NCAA-I female athletes. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Knee and ankle 3-dimensional kinematics were measured using high-speed motion capture in 10 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes during a drop-jump landing with and without a medial post. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in posting condition, t tests were used to determine dominant-nondominant differences, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships between variables. Results Significant differences were found for all measures in the posted condition. A medial post decreased knee valgus at initial contact (1.24°, P< .01) and maximum angle (1.21 °, P< .01). The post also decreased ankle pronation/eversion at initial contact (0.77°, P < .01) and maximum angle (0.95°, P = .039). Conclusion The authors have demonstrated a significant decrease in knee valgus and ankle pronation/eversion during a drop jump with a medial post placed in the athletes’ shoes. Clinical Relevance A medial post may be a potential means to decrease risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.

scholarly journals Effect of Sand on Landing Knee Valgus During Single-Leg Land and Drop Jump Tasks: Possible Implications for ACL Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Mark C. Richardson ◽  
Andrew Wilkinson ◽  
Paul Chesterton ◽  
William Evans
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Context: Despite significant emphasis on anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention, injury rates continue to rise and reinjury is common. Interventions to reduce injury have included resistance, balance, and jump training elements. The use of sand-based jump training has been postulated as an effective treatment. However, evidence on landing mechanics is limited. Objective: To determine potential differences in landing strategies and subsequent landing knee valgus when performing single-leg landing (SLL) and drop jump (DJ) tasks onto sand and land, and to compare between both male and female populations. Design: A randomized repeated-measures crossover design. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty-one participants (20 males and 11 females) from a university population. Interventions: All participants completed DJ and SLL tasks on both sand and land surfaces. Main Outcome Measures: Two-dimensional frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) of knee valgus was measured in both the DJ and SLL tasks (right and left) for both sand and land conditions. Results: FPPA was lower (moderate to large effect) for SLL in sand compared with land in both legs (left: 4.3° [2.8°]; right: 4.1° [3.8°]) for females. However, effects were unclear (left: −0.7° [2.2°]) and trivial for males (right: −1.1° [1.9°]). FPPA differences for males and females performing DJ were unclear; thus, more data is required. Differences in FPPA (land vs sand) with respect to grouping (sex) for both SLL left (4.9° [3.0°]) and right (5.1° [4.0°]) were very likely higher (small)/possibly moderate for females compared with males. Conclusions: The effects of sand on FPPA during DJ tasks in males and females are unclear, and further data is required. However, the moderate to large reductions in FPPA in females during SLL tasks suggest that sand may provide a safer alternative to firm ground for female athletes in anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention and rehabilitation programs, which involve a SLL component.

The Relationship between Serum Relaxin Concentrations and Knee Valgus

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Gabrielle G. Gilmer ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Gretchen D. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFemale athletes are at an elevated risk for tearing their anterior cruciate ligament, compared to their male counterparts. Though injury screening clinical tests and neuromuscular training programs have been widely implemented, injury rates remain high among female athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum relaxin concentrations and knee valgus during three clinical tests (single leg squat, drop vertical jump, and single leg crossover dropdown). Twenty-two female athletes volunteered. Participants were scheduled for collection during the mid-luteal phase, when serum relaxin concentrations are known to be measurable. Blood samples were collected, and serum relaxin concentrations were quantified. Kinematic data were collected while participants performed the three clinical tests. Regression analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between serum relaxin concentrations and knee valgus throughout all tests. These findings suggest that serum relaxin concentrations and knee valgus are not independent of each other and more holistic approaches may be necessary to truly map out the risk for injury and ultimately reduce the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Thus, concluding that knee valgus, a highly utilized modifiable biomechanical risk factor, and relaxin, a hormone that has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes, are related to each other.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document