scholarly journals Corticomotoneuronal cells are "functionally tuned"

Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 350 (6261) ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Griffin ◽  
D. S. Hoffman ◽  
P. L. Strick
Keyword(s):  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells

Postspike facilitation of forelimb muscle activity by primate corticomotoneuronal cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Fetz ◽  
P. D. Cheney
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells

scholarly journals Synaptic Linkages Between Corticomotoneuronal Cells Affecting Forelimb Muscles in Behaving Primates

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Smith ◽  
E. E. Fetz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Synaptic Interactions ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells ◽  
Synergistic Muscles ◽  
Forelimb Muscles

To elucidate the cortical circuitry controlling primate forelimb muscles we investigated the synaptic interactions between neighboring motor cortex cells that had postspike output effects in target muscles. In monkeys generating isometric ramp-and-hold wrist torques, pairs of cortical cells were recorded simultaneously with independent electrodes and corticomotoneuronal (“CM”) cells were identified by their postspike effects on target forelimb muscles in spike-triggered averages (SpTAs) of electromyographs (EMGs). The response patterns of the cells were determined in response-aligned averages and their synaptic interactions were identified by cross-correlograms of action potentials. The possibility that synchronized firing between cortical cells could mediate spike-correlated effects in the SpTA of EMG was examined in several ways. Sixty-two pairs consisted of one CM cell and a non-CM cell; 15 of these had correlogram peaks of the same magnitude as that of other pairs, but the synchrony peaks did not mediate any postspike effect from the non-CM cell. Twelve pairs of simultaneously recorded CM cells were cross-correlated. Half had features (usually synchrony peaks) in their cross-correlograms and the cells of these pairs also shared some target muscles in common. The other half had flat correlograms and, in most of these pairs, the CM cells affected different muscles. The latter group included pairs of CM cells that facilitated synergistic muscles. These results indicate that common synaptic input specifically affects CM cells that have overlapping muscle fields. Reconstruction of the cortical locations of CM cells affecting 12 different muscles showed a wide and overlapping distribution of cortical colonies of forelimb muscles.

Reciprocal effect of single corticomotoneuronal cells on wrist extensor and flexor muscle activity in the primate

1982 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Cheney ◽  
Richard Kasser ◽  
James Holsapple
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Wrist Extensor ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells

Single-Snippet Analysis for Detection of Postspike Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagi Perel ◽  
Andrew B. Schwartz ◽  
Valérie Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Fragment Analysis ◽  
Bootstrap Simulation ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Formal Test ◽  
Multiple Fragment

Corticomotoneuronal cells (CMN), located predominantly in the primary motor cortex, project directly to alpha motoneuronal pools in the spinal cord. The effects of CMN spikes on motoneuronal excitability are traditionally characterized by visualizing postspike effects (PSEs) in spike-triggered averages (SpTA; Fetz, Cheney, & German, 1976 ; Fetz & Cheney, 1980 ; McKiernan, Marcario, Karrer, & Cheney, 1998 ) of electromyography (EMG) data. Poliakov and Schieber ( 1998 ) suggested a formal test, the multiple-fragment analysis (MFA), to automatically detect PSEs. However, MFA's performance was not statistically validated, and it is unclear under what conditions it is valid. This paper's contributions are a power study that validates the MFA; an alternative test, the single-snippet analysis (SSA), which has the same functionality as MFA but is easier to calculate and has better power in small samples; a simple bootstrap simulation to estimate SpTA baselines with simulation bands that help visualize potential PSEs; and a bootstrap adjustment to the MFA and SSA to correct for nonlinear SpTA baselines.

Effects of synchrony between primate corticomotoneuronal cells on post-spike facilitation of muscles and motor units

1989 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade S. Smith ◽  
Eberhard E. Fetz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Units ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells

scholarly journals Corticomotoneuronal cells contribute to long-latency stretch reflexes in the rhesus monkey.

1984 ◽  
Vol 349 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Cheney ◽  
E E Fetz
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Stretch Reflexes ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells

scholarly journals Simultaneous transcranial and transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation to enhance athletic performance outcome in experienced boxers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali-Mohammad Kamali ◽  
Milad Kazemiha ◽  
Behnam Keshtkarhesamabadi ◽  
Mohsan Daneshvari ◽  
Asadollah Zarifkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Corticomotoneuronal Cells ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is among the rapidly growing experimental approaches to enhance athletic performance. Likewise, novel investigations have recently addressed the effects of transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) on motor functions such as reduced reaction time. The impact of tDCS, and tsDCS might be attributed to altered spontaneous neural activity and membrane potentials of cortical and corticomotoneuronal cells, respectively. Given the paucity of empirical research in non-invasive brain stimulation in sports neuroscience, especially in boxing, the present investigation studied the effects of neuromodulation on motor and cognitive functions of professional boxers. The study sample comprised 14 experienced male boxers who received random sequential real or sham direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1) and paraspinal region (corresponding to the hand area) in two sessions with a 72-h interval. Unlike sham stimulation, real stimulation improved selective attention and reaction time of the experienced boxers [enhanced selective attention (p < 0.0003), diminished right hand (p < 0.0001) and left hand reaction time (p < 0.0006)]. Meanwhile, the intervention left no impact on the participants’ cognitive functions (p > 0.05). We demonstrated that simultaneous stimulation of the spinal cord and M1 can improve the performance of experienced boxers through neuromodulation. The present study design may be extended to examine the role of neurostimulation in other sport fields.

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