Donkeylike creatures may be first known hybrid animal made by humans

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Animal

The Expression of Genetic Information: A Study with Hybrid Animal Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-525
Author(s):  
H. HARRIS ◽  
E. SIDEBOTTOM ◽  
D. M. GRACE ◽  
M. E. BRAMWELL
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Hybrid Animal ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Erythrocyte Nucleus ◽  
Transfer Of Information

When the nucleus of a hen erythrocyte is introduced into the cytoplasm of a human or mouse cell in culture, it resumes the synthesis of RNA. The reactivated erythrocyte nucleus undergoes great enlargement, but it does not, for at least 2 or 3 days, develop nucleoli which can be discerned under the light microscope. During this period, the heterokaryon, although it may contain several active erythrocyte nuclei, does not synthesize any hen-specific surface antigens; and the hen-specific antigens introduced into the surface of the heterokaryon by the process of cell fusion are eliminated. But when, later, the erythrocyte nuclei do develop nucleoli, hen-specific antigens reappear on the surface of the heterokaryon and progressively accumulate. Before developing nucleoli, the erythrocyte nuclei synthesize little, if any, normal 28 S or 16 S RNA; but they do synthesize large amounts of the RNA which shows polydisperse sedimentation in conventional sucrose density gradients. Autoradiographic studies involving the use of a microbeam of ultraviolet light show, however, that this ‘polydisperse’ RNA is not transferred to the cytoplasm of the cell in detectable amounts so long as the erythrocyte nucleus lacks a definitive nucleolus. The inability of the erythrocyte nucleus at this stage to determine the synthesis of hen-specific surface antigens is thus attributable to the fact that it fails to transfer the RNA made on its chromosomes to the cytoplasm of the cell. When the erythrocyte nuclei develop nucleoli, however, the RNA which they make is transferred to the cytoplasm of the cell, and the synthesis of hen-specific surface antigens then begins. These experiments suggest that the nucleolus may play a decisive role in the transfer of information from nucleus to cytoplasm. The possible nature of this role is discussed.

scholarly journals Extension of the geographic distribution of Plecturocebus baptista (Pitheciidae, Primates) and a possible hybrid zone with Plecturocebus hoffmannsi: evolutionary and conservation implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
Alessandro ROCHA ◽  
Adrian P.A. BARNETT ◽  
Wilson R. SPIRONELLO
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Titi Monkey ◽  
Titi Monkeys ◽  
Hybrid Animal ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution ◽  
Occurrence Records

ABSTRACT Titi monkeys (family Pitheciidae) are Neotropical primates highly diversified in morphology, ecology and genetics, with a wide geographic distribution, including the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Pantanal and Caatinga. This diversity, together with knowledge gaps, generates uncertainties in titi monkey taxonomy and distribution. An example is Plecturocebus baptista, with only 14 occurrence records and an ill-defined distribution based on untested geographical barriers. Here, we report the occurrence of this species at a new locality outside its known range, across the Paraná-Urariá River, which was considered a distributional limit for the species. The new record implies an overlap of P. baptista with the range of P. hoffmannsi. We document the sighting of an apparent hybrid animal. Our observations suggest that i) the distribution of P. baptista needs to be reviewed, and ii) the evolutionary relationships between P. baptista and P. hoffmannsi may be more complex than previously assumed. Since both species share contiguous areas of potential hybridization, we question whether the two species arose via allopatric speciation.

scholarly journals Saraz method adjustment for the quantification of ammonia emissions generated in opened or hybrid animal production facilities

DYNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (195) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Campos-de Sousa ◽  
Ilda De Fátima Ferreira-Tinôco ◽  
Jairo Alexander Osório-Saraz ◽  
Keller Sullivan Oliveira-Rocha ◽  
Maximiliano Arredondo-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Adjustment Method ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Hybrid Animal ◽  
Production Facilities

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Saraz method in order to quantify ammonia emissions generated in opened or hybrid animal production facilities, and to determine an equation for the adjustment method. To do this, we developed beacon equipment, with input and output gas sectors, hoods and absorbent porous material. After the collection, the amount of ammonia captured in the environment was determined in the laboratory. Different ammonia concentrations were evaluated in addition to the different speeds of the exhaust air. Considering the results, it can be concluded that for the situations analyzed the Saraz method is efficient, but as with other methods, with an increase of air velocity and concentration, its efficiency decreases. An equation for the adjustment of the Saraz method was generated to determine the concentration and the rate of ammonia emissions inside animal facilities.

Experimenting with Chymical Bodies: Reinier de Graaf's Investigations of the Pancreas

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Hybrid Animal ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn the late seventeenth century, traditions in anatomy and chymistry came together to ground new theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the animal body. The researches of Dutch experimenters Reinier de Graaf and his mentor Franciscus Sylvius provide keen insight into the ways experiments were constructed, negotiated, and thought about by leading anatomists and physicians of the time. The objects and approaches de Graaf used in the laboratory—ligature, inflation, injection, tubes, vessels, tasting—were derived from broadly Harveian anatomical and Helmontian chymical traditions. Experimental traditions and a comprehensive and materialistic chymical theory of acid-alkali interactions unified the artificial and the natural and allowed de Graaf to create and use hybrid animal-apparatus constructions as tools to collect and assay the key ingredients of digestion and disease.

scholarly journals Centaurs at the Symposium: Two Types of Hybridity in Lucian

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Megan Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Second Sophistic ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Hybrid Animal ◽  
The University ◽  
The Ideal

Two dialogues of Lucian are discussed in order to further evaluate the critique of contemporary philosophy that so often pervades the author’s satirical works. In Lucian’s Zeuxis and Symposium, the reader is offered two distinct ‘versions’ of the hybrid animal. In the first instance, the traditionally uncivilised centaur is portrayed as almost human in nature and representative of successful hybridity, while the hybrid philosopher-sophist is a corruption of the ideal form.Megan Hancock is a PhD candidate at the University of Tasmania, and her research interests are primarily focussed around the figure of Lucian. Her doctoral thesis assesses the role of hybridity throughout Lucian’s works, and to demonstrate the means by which this theme informs his critique of the philosophers of the Second Sophistic. She is the 2018 recipient of the Tasmanian Friends of the Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens Greek Scholarship, allowing her to study in Greece in the later part of the year.

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