scholarly journals Comparison of CO2 Generation (BACTEC) and Viable-Count Methods To Determine the Postantibiotic Effect of Antimycobacterial Agents against Mycobacterium avium Complex

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
Marilyn H. Saunders ◽  
Joyce N. Wolfe ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Postantibiotic Effect ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Antimycobacterial Agents

ABSTRACT The postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of antimycobacterial agents determined with a BACTEC TB-460 instrument (CO2 production) and by a traditional viable-count method against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The longest PAEs following a 2-h exposure to 2× the MIC were induced by amikacin (10.3 h), rifampin (9.7 h), and rifabutin (9.5 h), while the shortest PAEs resulted from clofazimine (1.7 h) and ethambutol (1.1 h) exposure. CO2 generation is a valid and efficient means of determining in vitro PAEs against MAC.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Several Diaminomethylpyridopyrimidines against Mycobacterium avium Complex

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3315-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Shoen ◽  
Olga Choromanska ◽  
Robert C. Reynolds ◽  
James R. Piper ◽  
Cheryl A. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Dhfr Inhibitors ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Three recently synthesized dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors designated SoRI 8890, 8895, and 8897 were evaluated for their in vitro activities against 25 isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex. The MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited were 1 and 2, 4 and 8, and 4 and 8 μg/ml for SoRI 8890, 8895, and 8897, respectively. Although the addition of dapsone at 0.5 μg/ml did not significantly enhance the in vitro activities of these compounds, their activities alone were comparable to, if not better than, results seen with other DHFR inhibitors, such as pyrimethamine or WR99210.

G CSF association with prolonged survival in HIV infected patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Keiser ◽  
Steven Rademacher ◽  
James Smith ◽  
Daniel Skiest
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hazards Model

Summary: Clarithromycin can ameliorate symptoms and improve survival in disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex DMAC infection. Optimal combina tions of this drug with other agents remain unknown. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor G CSF is a cytokine that can improve phagocytosis of M. avium complex in vitro . We aim to determine if G CSF administration is associated with improved survival in patients with DMAC in a retrospective, cohort study. Case records from 1991 to 1995 of 91 patients with DMAC at Parkland Memorial Hospital were reviewed for date of initial DMAC diagnosis, baseline CD4 count, race, sex, antiretroviral use, G CSF use, therapy for DMAC clarithromycin, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin and rifabutin and date of death. Of 91 cases identified, 25 were treated with G CSF and 66 never received this drug. Baseline characteristics were similar in each group including CD4 count 40 cells mm 3 vs 33 cells mm 3, P =0.68 , clarithromycin use 18 patients vs 52 patients, P =0.90 , and antiretroviral use 20 patients vs 42 patients, P =0.21 . Subjects treated with G CSF lived longer than those who did not receive this drug 355 days vs 211 days, P 0.01 . In the subgroup treated with clarithromycin, G CSF was also associated with increased survival 377 days vs 252 days, P 0.01 . Cox proportional hazards model showed a decreased risk of death in patients treated with G CSF RH=0.22, P 0.01 , clarithromycin RH=0.13, P 0.01 and ethambutol RH=0.51, P =0.02 . Ciprofloxacin and rifabutin use did not influence survival. These data support the use of clarithromycin and ethambutol in the treatment of DMAC. Addition of G CSF to a regimen of clarithromycin and ethambutol may increase survival in DMAC and should be studied prospectively.

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