scholarly journals Nocardia sp. Carboxylic Acid Reductase: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a New Aldehyde Oxidoreductase Family

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1874-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin He ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Lacy Daniels ◽  
Ian Fotheringham ◽  
John P. N. Rosazza
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Affinity Tag ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidoreductase ◽  
Nocardia Sp ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Ferulic Acids

ABSTRACT We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed the gene for a unique ATP- and NADPH-dependent carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) from a Nocardia species that reduces carboxylic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. Recombinant CAR containing an N-terminal histidine affinity tag had Km values for benzoate, ATP, and NADPH that were similar to those for natural CAR, and recombinant CAR reduced benzoic, vanillic, and ferulic acids to their corresponding aldehydes. car is the first example of a new gene family encoding oxidoreductases with remote acyl adenylation and reductase sites.

scholarly journals Characterization of the pixB gene in Xenorhabdus nematophila and discovery of a new gene family

Microbiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lucas ◽  
Mary Goetsch ◽  
Matt Fischer ◽  
Steven Forst
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophila ◽  
New Gene

scholarly journals The awr Gene Family Encodes a Novel Class of Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effectors Displaying Virulence and Avirulence Activities

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Solé ◽  
Crina Popa ◽  
Oriane Mith ◽  
Kee Hoon Sohn ◽  
Jonathan D. G. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
Effector Recognition

We present here the characterization of a new gene family, awr, found in all sequenced Ralstonia solanacearum strains and in other bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate that the five paralogues in strain GMI1000 encode type III-secreted effectors and that deletion of all awr genes severely impairs its capacity to multiply in natural host plants. Complementation studies show that the AWR (alanine-tryptophan-arginine tryad) effectors display some functional redundancy, although AWR2 is the major contributor to virulence. In contrast, the strain devoid of all awr genes (Δawr1-5) exhibits enhanced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis plants. A gain-of-function approach expressing AWR in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 proves that this is likely due to effector recognition, because AWR5 and AWR4 restrict growth of this bacterium in Arabidopsis. Transient overexpression of AWR in nonhost tobacco species caused macroscopic cell death to varying extents, which, in the case of AWR5, shows characteristics of a typical hypersensitive response. Our work demonstrates that AWR, which show no similarity to any protein with known function, can specify either virulence or avirulence in the interaction of R. solanacearum with its plant hosts.

Directed biosynthesis of novel derivatives of echinomycin by Streptomyces echinatus. I. Effect of exogenous analogues of quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid on the fermentation

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gauvreau ◽  
M. J. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Directed Biosynthesis ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Carbonyl Chromophores

Streptomyces echinatus A8331 cultured on a maltose minimal salts medium normally produces a single antibiotic, echinomycin (quinomycin A), containing two quinoxaline-2-carbonyl chromophores. Echinomycin is powerfully active against experimental tumours and can be assayed by its activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Grown in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids related to quinoxaline, S. echinatus responds in favourable circumstances by incorporating the added material into analogues of the natural antibiotic having replacement chromophores. Both mono- and bis-substituted derivatives are formed. With quinoline-2-carboxylic acid as precursor, large quantities of analogues are produced, and the time course of synthesis, extraction, purification, assay, and characterization of the derivatives are described. Twenty-two other aromatic acids have been tested as potential substrates for antibiotic analogue biosynthesis. Half of them did not significantly affect growth and echinomycin production. Five appeared to stimulate antibiotic synthesis, while the remainder proved inhibitory. New biologically active antibiotics were detected in cultures supplemented with 7-chloroquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid; 1,2,4-benzo-as-triazine-3-carboxylic acid; thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid; and 6-methylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.

Characterization of Carboxylic Acids: Identification of Their Anilide Derivatives by X-ray Diffractometry

1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Garska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Isomeric Form ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Derivatives Of

In order to extend the data available for the characterization of carboxylic acids, an x-ray diffraction technique has been used for the identification of their anilide derivatives. This technique often makes possible the identification of carboxylic acids that cannot be examined readily by other techniques such as gas chromotography and mass spectrometry. Reference x-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained for the anilide derivatives of 32 carboxylic acids containing up to 18 carbon atoms. Detailed descriptions are given for obtaining and qualitatively using the x-ray diffraction patterns of these anilides. The x-ray diffraction patterns of these anilides are unique; even closely related acids which differ only in isomeric form produce anilide derivatives which exhibit different and characteristic x-ray diffraction patterns. In the qualitative analysis of single or multicomponent carboxylic acid-containing mixtures, this x-ray diffraction technique is used either alone or with infrared spectrometric techniques.

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxylic Acids Bearing Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains

Synlett ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuaki Fujihara ◽  
Yasushi Tsuji ◽  
Motoi Satou ◽  
Jun Terao
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Carboxylate Ligands ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Carboxylic acids 1a and 1b bearing three poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains and carboxylic acid 1c bearing one PEG chain were designed and synthesized. The carboxylic acids 1a–c were fully characterized by NMR and ESI-HRMS analyses. In a Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol, 1a and 1b worked well as carboxylate ligands.

Characterization of a new gene family developing pleiotropic phenotypes upon mutation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1995 ◽  
Vol 1263 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Revardel ◽  
Marc Bonneau ◽  
Pascal Durrens ◽  
Michel Aigle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
New Gene
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