scholarly journals Quantitative aspects of septicemia.

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Yagupsky ◽  
F S Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Patient’S Outcome

For years, quantitative blood cultures found only limited use as aids in the diagnosis and management of septic patients because the available methods were cumbersome, labor intensive, and practical only for relatively small volumes of blood. The development and subsequent commercial availability of lysis-centrifugation direct plating methods for blood cultures have addressed many of the shortcomings of the older methods. The lysis-centrifugation method has demonstrated good performance relative to broth-based blood culture methods. As a result, quantitative blood cultures have found widespread use in clinical microbiology laboratories. Most episodes of clinical significant bacteremia in adults are characterized by low numbers of bacteria per milliliter of blood. In children, the magnitude of bacteremia is generally much higher, with the highest numbers of bacteria found in the blood of septic neonates. The magnitude of bacteremia correlates with the severity of disease in children and with mortality rates in adults, but other factors play more important roles in determining the patient's outcome. Serial quantitative blood cultures have been used to monitor the in vivo efficacy of antibiotic therapy in patients with slowly resolving sepsis, such as disseminated Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex infections. Quantitative blood culture methods were used in early studies of bacterial endocarditis, and the results significantly contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. Comparison of paired quantitative blood cultures obtained from a peripheral vein and the central venous catheter has been used to help identify patients with catheter-related sepsis and is the only method that does not require removal of the catheter to establish the diagnosis. Quantitation of bacteria in the blood can also help distinguish contaminated from truly positive blood cultures; however, no quantitative criteria can invariably differentiate contamination from bacteremia.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci in haematological patients with neutropenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MÜLLER-PREMRU ◽  
P. ČERNELČ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Haematological Patients

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) is common in haematological patients with febrile neutropenia. As the clinical signs of CRBSI are usually scarce and it is difficult to differentiate from blood culture contamination, we tried to confirm CRBSI by molecular typing of CNS isolated from paired blood cultures (one from a peripheral vein and another from the central venous catheter hub). Blood cultures were positive in 59 (36%) out of 163 patients. CNS were isolated in 24 (40%) patients; in 14 from paired blood cultures (28 isolates) and in 10 from a single blood culture. CNS from paired blood cultures were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined and bacteria were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of bacterial genomic DNA. In 13 patients, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was identical. The PFGE patterns from paired blood cultures were identical or closely related in 10 patients, thus confirming the presence of CRBSI. In the remaining four patients they were unrelated, and suggested a mixed infection or contamination. Since CNS isolates from three patients had identical PFGE patterns, they were probably nosocomially spread amongst them.

Drawing blood cultures through intravascular catheters: Controversy and update

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Mermel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Intravascular Catheters

AbstractStudies published between 1999 and 2011 demonstrated increased blood culture contamination with catheter-drawn cultures compared with percutaneously-drawn cultures. Studies published between 2012 and 2015 reported that use of antiseptic barrier caps on central venous catheter hubs significantly reduces the incidence of catheter-drawn blood culture contamination. Local guidelines regarding sites for blood culture collection should reflect institution-level blood culture contamination rates for percutaneously-drawn and catheter-drawn cultures using currently available technologies that reduce contamination at both sites.

Inefficiency in 6-Set Requests for Blood Culture Analysis of Cancer Patients with the Central Venous Catheter

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Lee ◽  
Eun-ha Koh ◽  
Sunjoo Kim ◽  
In-Gyu Bae ◽  
Hoon-gu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Central Venous

Volume of Blood Required to Obtain Central Venous Catheter Blood Cultures in Infants and Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shulman ◽  
Sara Phillips ◽  
Laura Laine ◽  
Pat Gardner ◽  
Valerie Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
In Infants And Children

scholarly journals Earlier Positivity of Central-Venous- versus Peripheral-Blood Cultures Is Highly Predictive of Catheter-Related Sepsis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Blot ◽  
Eric Schmidt ◽  
Gérard Nitenberg ◽  
Cyrille Tancrède ◽  
Bernard Leclercq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Period Data

To diagnose catheter-related sepsis without removing the catheter, we evaluated the differential positivity times of cultures of blood drawn simultaneously from central venous catheter and peripheral sites. In a 450-bed cancer reference center, simultaneous central- and peripheral-blood cultures were prospectively performed for patients with suspicion of catheter-related sepsis over an 18-month period. Data for 64 patients for whom the same microorganisms were found when central- and peripheral-blood samples were cultured were retrospectively reviewed by two independent physicians blinded to the differential positivity time values in order to establish or refute the diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis. The diagnosis was established in 28 cases, refuted in 14, and indeterminate in the remaining 22. The differential positivity time was significantly greater for patients with catheter-related sepsis (P < 10−4). A cutoff limit of +120 min had 100% specificity and 96.4% sensitivity for the diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis. These results strongly suggest that measurement of the differential positivity time might be a reliable tool facilitating the diagnosis of catheter-related sepsis in patients with an indwelling catheter.

On-line blood viscosity monitoring in vivo with a central venous catheter, using electrical impedance technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe A.M. Pop ◽  
Laurens L.A. Bisschops ◽  
Blagoy Iliev ◽  
Pieter C. Struijk ◽  
Johannes G. van der Hoeven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
On Line

scholarly journals Enterococcus casseliflavus Bacteraemia in a Patient with Chronic Renal Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Alexandra Vasilakopoulou ◽  
Sophia Vourli ◽  
Nikolaos Siafakas ◽  
Dimitra Kavatha ◽  
Nikolaos Tziolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
Renal Patient ◽  
Level Resistance

Enterococcus casseliflavus is a rare pathogen that usually causes urinary tract and abdominal infections. Its main characteristics are positive motility, yellow colonies and constitutive low-level resistance to vancomycin. We present a case of E. casseliflavus bacteraemia due to thrombophlebitis at the site of the central venous catheter used for hemodialysis in a renal patient. The biochemical identification of the microorganism was further corroborated by molecular detection of the vanC gene. The patient received antibiotic therapy initially with daptomycin and gentamicin, and then with ampicillin and ceftriaxone. The outcome was cure, and he was released from the hospital after seven weeks afebrile with negative blood cultures.

Increased Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogenic Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci From Blood Cultures (1961–1981)

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Flournoy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibilities ◽  
Cons Isolate ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) have only recently gained notoriety as pathogens. Several reports have established their pathogenicity in bacterial endocarditis, prosthetic heart valve endocarditis, intraventricular shunts for treatment of hydrocephalus and intravenous catheters. One difficult decision for physicians is determining whether a particular CONS isolate is pathogenic or contaminant. The differentiation of pathogenic and contaminant CONS has recently been noted, but further studies are needed to aid in this differentiation. Data on antimicrobial susceptibilities of positive blood culture isolates were recently compiled at this institution. This report compares antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogenic and contaminant CONS and Staphylococcus aureus blood culture isolates from 1961-1981 at this institution.

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