scholarly journals Effect of zinc ion on the hemolytic activity of thermostable direct hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus, streptolysin O, and Triton X-100.

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Takeda ◽  
Y Ogiso ◽  
T Miwatani
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Triton X

scholarly journals Association of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Thermostable Direct Hemolysin with Lipid Rafts Is Essential for Cytotoxicity but Not Hemolytic Activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeaki Matsuda ◽  
Toshio Kodama ◽  
Natsumi Okada ◽  
Kanna Okayama ◽  
Takeshi Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Target Molecules

ABSTRACT Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), a major virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, induces cytotoxicity in cultured cells. However, the mechanism of TDH's cytotoxic effect including its target molecules on the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells remains unclear. In this study, we identified the role of lipid rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains, in TDH cytotoxicity. Treatment of cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a raft-disrupting agent, inhibited TDH cytotoxicity. TDH was associated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), and MβCD eliminated this association. In contrast, there was no such association between a nontoxic TDH mutant and DRMs. The disruption of lipid rafts neither affected hemolysis nor inhibited Ca2+ influx into HeLa cells induced by TDH. These findings indicate that the cytotoxicity but not the hemolytic activity of TDH is dependent on lipid rafts. The exogenous and endogenous depletion of cellular sphingomyelin also prevented TDH cytotoxicity, but a direct interaction between TDH and sphingomyelin was not detected with either a lipid overlay assay or a liposome absorption test. Treatment with sphingomyelinase (SMase) at 100 mU/ml disrupted the association of TDH with DRMs but did not affect the localization of lipid raft marker proteins (caveolin-1 and flotillin-1) with DRMs. These results suggest that sphingomyelin is important for the association of TDH with lipid rafts but is not a molecular target of TDH. We hypothesize that TDH may target a certain group of rafts that are sensitive to SMase at a certain concentration, which does not affect other types of rafts.

scholarly journals Relationship between heat-induced fibrillogenicity and hemolytic activity of thermostable direct hemolysin and a related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2011 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyouhisa Ohnishi ◽  
Kumiko Nakahira ◽  
Satoru Unzai ◽  
Kouta Mayanagi ◽  
Hiroshi Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin

Tryptophan 65 is essential for hemolytic activity of the thermostable direct hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Toxicon ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Toda ◽  
Fumio Sakiyama ◽  
Myonsun Yoh ◽  
Takeshi Honda ◽  
Toshio Miwatani
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin

scholarly journals Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Nawaporn Jingjit ◽  
Sutima Preeprem ◽  
Komwit Surachat ◽  
Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Hemolysin Gene ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Mar Index

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the significant seafood-borne pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are commonly detected in the genomes of V. parahaemolyticus and the polymorphism of CRISPR patterns has been applied as a genetic marker for tracking its evolution. In this work, a total of 15 pandemic and 36 non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from seafood between 2000 and 2012 were characterized based on hemolytic activity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and CRISPR elements. The results showed that 15/17 of the V. parahaemolyticus seafood isolates carrying the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh+) were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged between 0.1 and 0.4, and 45% of the isolates have an MAR index ≥ 0.2. A total of 19 isolates were positive for CRISPR detection, including all tdh+ trh− isolates, two of tdh− trh+, and each of tdh+ trh+ and tdh− trh−. Four spacer types (Sp1 to Sp4) were identified, and CRISPR-positive isolates had at least one type of spacer homolog to the region of Vibrio alginolyticus megaplasmid. It is of interest that a specific CRISPR profile and spacer sequence type was observed with correlations to the hemolysin genotype (tdh/trh). Thus, these provide essential data on the exposure of foreign genetic elements and indicate shared ancestry within different genotypes of V. parahaemolyticus isolates.

Growth and Hemolysin Production Behavior of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Different Food Matrices

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rundong Wang ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Yaling Wang ◽  
Yijia Deng ◽  
Zhijia Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
Production Pattern

ABSTRACTThe growth and hemolytic activity profiles of two Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains (ATCC 17802 and ATCC 33847) in shrimp, oyster, freshwater fish, pork, chicken, and egg fried rice were investigated, and a prediction system for accurate microbial risk assessment was developed. The two V. parahaemolyticus strains displayed a similar growth and hemolysin production pattern in the foods at 37°C. Growth kinetic parameters showed that V. parahaemolyticus displayed higher maximum specific growth rate and shorter lag time values in shrimp > freshwater fish > egg fried rice> oyster > chicken > pork. Notably, there was a similar number of V. parahaemolyticus in all of these samples at the stationary phase. The hemolytic activity of V. parahaemolyticus in foods increased linearly with time (R2 > 0.97). The rate constant (K) of hemolytic activity was higher in shrimp, oyster, freshwater fish, and egg fried rice than in pork and chicken. Significantly higher hemolytic activity of V. parahaemolyticus was evident in egg fried rice > shrimp > freshwater fish > chicken > oyster > pork. The above-mentioned results indicate that V. parahaemolyticus could grow well regardless of the food type and that contrary to current belief, it displayed a higher hemolytic activity in some nonseafood products (freshwater fish, egg fried rice, and chicken) than in one seafood (oyster). The prediction system consisting of the growth model and hemolysin production algorithm reported here will fill a gap in predictive microbiology and improve significantly the accuracy of microbial risk assessment of V. parahaemolyticus.

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