scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Evaluation of T Cells in Oral Lesions from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Persons with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy A. Myers ◽  
Janet E. Leigh ◽  
Alfredo R. Arribas ◽  
Shannon Hager ◽  
Rebecca Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACT Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), caused by Candida albicans, is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons. Although Th1-type CD4+ T cells are considered important for host defense against mucosal C. albicans infections, there is a paucity of information regarding the presence and/or role of T cells in OPC lesions. In pursuit of this, initial chromophore immunohistochemical studies showed a majority of CD8+ rather than CD4+ cells equally distributed throughout the buccal mucosa of OPC− persons (HIV− or HIV+), irrespective of blood CD4+ cell numbers. In contrast, CD8+ cells in lesions from HIV+ OPC+ persons were in significantly higher numbers and concentrated at the lamina propria-epithelium interface, a considerable distance from the Candida at the outer epithelium. Dual fluorescence and confocal microscopy confirmed that the majority of CD8+, but not CD4+, cells were T cells by the presence or absence, respectively, of CD3 on each cell type. These results suggest that CD8+ T cells may be important for oral host defense against OPC, especially when CD4 cell numbers are reduced, with a potential CD8 cell-specific dysfunction associated with susceptibility to OPC.

scholarly journals Role of Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycans of Human T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 827-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Ohshiro ◽  
Tsutomu Murakami ◽  
Kazuhiro Matsuda ◽  
Kiyoshi Nishioka ◽  
Keiichi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-human immunodeficiency virus response inhibits expression of viral RNA but not reverse transcription or provirus integration

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Mackewicz ◽  
Bruce K. Patterson ◽  
Sandra A. Lee ◽  
Jay A. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Provirus Integration ◽  
Replicative Cycle

CD8+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals can suppress HIV replication in CD4+ cells by a noncytotoxic mechanism that inhibits the expression of viral RNA. The present study examined whether other step(s) in the virus replicative cycle could be affected by the CD8+ cells. Culturing HIV-infected CD4+ T cells with antiviral CD8+ T cells did not significantly reduce the amounts of (i) early HIV DNA reverse transcripts (detected by LTR-U3/R), (ii) total nuclear HIV gag DNA, or (iii) integrated proviral DNA. However, exposure to the CD8+ T cells did cause a reduction in the amount of multiply spliced tat and full-length gag mRNA expressed by the infected CD4+ T cells, confirming previous observations. The levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and interleukin-2 receptor-α mRNA were not affected. The results support the conclusion that the noncytotoxic anti-HIV response of CD8+ T cells, demonstrable in vitro, does not affect any of the virus replication steps leading to the integration of proviral HIV, but specifically interrupts the expression of viral RNA.

scholarly journals Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), but Not ICAM-2 and -3, Is Important for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 4195-4204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Wang ◽  
Constance Kwas ◽  
Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in cell-to-cell-mediated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Interactions between intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and their ligands facilitate DC-T-cell contact. The interaction between ICAM-1 on DCs and leukocyte function-associated molecule 1 (LFA-1) on CD4+ T cells has been proposed to be important for DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission. Given that DCs and T cells express multiple ICAMs and binding ligands, the relative importance of ICAMs in DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission remains to be defined. Here, we examine the role of ICAM-1, -2, and -3 in DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission to various types of target cells including primary CD4+ T cells. The expression levels of ICAMs and their ligands on immature and mature DCs and various types of HIV-1 target cells were measured by flow cytometry. Blocking ICAM-1 in DCs with specific monoclonal antibodies and small interfering RNA impaired DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission. DC-mediated viral transmission was significantly inhibited when both ICAM-1 on DCs and LFA-1 on CD4+ T cells were blocked. However, blockade of ICAM-1 on target cells did not significantly inhibit DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission. Ectopic expression and antibody blocking suggest that DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission to primary CD4+ T cells is independent of ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. Taken together, our data clarified the role of ICAMs in DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission to CD4+ T cells.

scholarly journals Virus-Specific Interleukin-17-Producing CD4+ T Cells Are Detectable in Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (13) ◽  
pp. 6767-6771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yun Yue ◽  
Asad Merchant ◽  
Colin M. Kovacs ◽  
Mona Loutfy ◽  
Desmond Persad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT TH-17 cells have been shown to play a role in bacterial defense, acute inflammation, and autoimmunity. We examined the role of interleukin 17 (IL-17) production in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Both HIV-1- and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells were detectable in early HIV-1 infection but were reduced to nondetectable levels in chronic and nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. IL-17-producing CMV-specific cells were not detected in blood from HIV-1-uninfected normal volunteers. Virus-specific TH-17 cells could coexpress other cytokines and could express CCR4 or CXCR3. Although the etiology of these cells has yet to be established, we propose that microbial translocation may induce them.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Immune Status of CD8+ T Cells in Oral Lesions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Leigh ◽  
Kelly M. McNulty ◽  
Paul L. Fidel
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis ◽  
Activated State ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) remains the most common oral infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. In a high percentage of HIV+ persons with reduced CD4+ T cells, oral lesions with Candida present at the outer epithelium have an accumulation of CD8+ T cells at the epithelium-lamina propria interface associated with reduced expression of the mucosal cell-trafficking adhesion molecule E-cadherin. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the immune status of these CD8+ T cells. Immunohistochemical staining for phenotypic and activation and costimulation markers was performed on frozen biopsy tissue sections from HIV+ OPC+ persons with accumulated CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells consisted primarily of central memory cells by virtue of positive CD45RO (memory) and CD27 (central memory) expression. However, concomitant negative expression of CD62L and CCR7 (effector memory) was suggestive of a transitioning memory phenotype within the tissue. Despite this, the cells are considered to be activated on the basis of positive expression of CD69. The CD8+ T cells are not considered to be NK T cells or anti-HIV CD8+ T cells because of negative or low expression of CD161 and vascular cell adhesion molecule, respectively. These results suggest that the accumulated mucosal migratory-challenged CD8+ T cells are otherwise normal memory T cells in an activated state.

Role of dendritic cells in immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Weissman ◽  
A S Fauci
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The role of dendritic cells (DC) in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease has been a subject of considerable interest for several years. Initial studies focused on the infection, dysfunction, and depletion of DC in HIV-infected individuals. More recent studies have begun to identify the functional role of DC in the initiation and propagation of viral replication in T cells in HIV-infected individuals. This review discusses recent data regarding the role of DC in HIV disease with the aim of delineating basic immunopathogenic principles of infection and the development of therapeutic strategies.

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