scholarly journals Progesterone Analogs Influence Germination of Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium difficile Spores In Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
pp. 2776-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Liggins ◽  
N. Ramirez ◽  
N. Magnuson ◽  
E. Abel-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Sordellii ◽  
Progesterone Analogs

scholarly journals Characterizations of Clinical Isolates of Clostridium difficile by Toxin Genotypes and by Susceptibility to 12 Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and Rifaximin: a Multicenter Study in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3943-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsing Liao ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko ◽  
Jang-Jih Lu ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Binary Toxin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Major Teaching ◽  
Southern Taiwan

ABSTRACTA total of 403 nonduplicate isolates ofClostridium difficilewere collected at three major teaching hospitals representing northern, central, and southern Taiwan from January 2005 to December 2010. Of these 403 isolates, 170 (42.2%) were presumed to be nontoxigenic due to the absence of genes for toxins A or B or binary toxin. The remaining 233 (57.8%) isolates carried toxin A and B genes, and 39 (16.7%) of these also had binary toxin genes. The MIC90of all isolates for fidaxomicin and rifaximin was 0.5 μg/ml (range, ≤0.015 to 0.5 μg/ml) and >128 μg/ml (range, ≤0.015 to >128 μg/ml), respectively. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole (MIC90of 0.5 μg/ml; range, ≤0.03 to 4 μg/ml). Two isolates had reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MICs, 4 μg/ml). Only 13.6% of isolates were susceptible to clindamycin (MIC of ≤2 μg/ml). Nonsusceptibility to moxifloxacin (n= 81, 20.1%) was accompanied by single or multiple mutations ingyrAandgyrBgenes in all but eight moxifloxacin-nonsusceptible isolates. Two previously unreportedgyrBmutations might independently confer resistance (MIC, 16 μg/ml), Ser416 to Ala and Glu466 to Lys. Moxifloxacin-resistant isolates were cross-resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but some moxifloxacin-nonsusceptible isolates remained susceptible to gemifloxacin or nemonoxacin at 0.5 μg/ml. This study found the diversity of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains ofC. difficilein the health care setting in Taiwan. All isolates tested were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. Fidaxomicin exhibited potentin vitroactivity against all isolates tested, while the more than 10% of Taiwanese isolates with rifaximin MICs of ≥128 μg/ml raises concerns.

Enhancement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by Clostridium difficile toxin A: An in vitro study

Toxicon ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Malorni ◽  
S. Paradisi ◽  
M.L. Dupuis ◽  
C. Fiorentini ◽  
C. Ramoni
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Toxin A

scholarly journals MBX-500, a Hybrid Antibiotic withIn VitroandIn VivoEfficacy against Toxigenic Clostridium difficile

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 4786-4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Butler ◽  
Dean L. Shinabarger ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Ciarán P. Kelly ◽  
Sofya Dvoskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) causes moderate to severe disease, resulting in diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. CDI is difficult to treat due to production of inflammation-inducing toxins, resistance development, and high probability of recurrence. Only two antibiotics are approved for the treatment of CDI, and the pipeline for therapeutic agents contains few new drugs. MBX-500 is a hybrid antibacterial, composed of an anilinouracil DNA polymerase inhibitor linked to a fluoroquinolone DNA gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitor, with potential as a new therapeutic for CDI treatment. Since MBX-500 inhibits three bacterial targets, it has been previously shown to be minimally susceptible to resistance development. In the present study, thein vitroandin vivoefficacies of MBX-500 were explored against the Gram-positive anaerobe,C. difficile. MBX-500 displayed potency across nearly 50 isolates, including those of the fluoroquinolone-resistant, toxin-overproducing NAP1/027 ribotype, performing as well as comparator antibiotics vancomycin and metronidazole. Furthermore, MBX-500 was a narrow-spectrum agent, displaying poor activity against many other gut anaerobes. MBX-500 was active in acute and recurrent infections in a toxigenic hamster model of CDI, exhibiting full protection against acute infections and prevention of recurrence in 70% of the animals. Hamsters treated with MBX-500 displayed significantly greater weight gain than did those treated with vancomycin. Finally, MBX-500 was efficacious in a murine model of CDI, again demonstrating a fully protective effect and permitting near-normal weight gain in the treated animals. These selective anti-CDI features support the further development of MBX 500 for the treatment of CDI.

In vitro activity of cadazolid against Clostridium difficile strains isolated from primary and recurrent infections in Stockholm, Sweden

Anaerobe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamun-Ur Rashid ◽  
Helena Martinez Lozano ◽  
Andrej Weintraub ◽  
Carl Erik Nord
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
In Vitro Activity
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