scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Reveals Genetic Relationships within Bacillus anthracis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (23) ◽  
pp. 6862-6862 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Keim ◽  
L. B. Price ◽  
A. M. Klevytska ◽  
K. L. Smith ◽  
J. M. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Reveals Genetic Relationships within Bacillus anthracis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 2928-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Keim ◽  
L. B. Price ◽  
A. M. Klevytska ◽  
K. L. Smith ◽  
J. M. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Sequence Characterization

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis is one of the most genetically homogeneous pathogens described, making strain discrimination particularly difficult. In this paper, we present a novel molecular typing system based on rapidly evolving variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. Multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) uses the combined power of multiple alleles at several marker loci. In our system, fluorescently labeled PCR primers are used to produce PCR amplification products from eight VNTR regions in the B. anthracisgenome. These are detected and their sizes are determined using an ABI377 automated DNA sequencer. Five of these eight loci were discovered by sequence characterization of molecular markers (vrrC 1, vrrC 2,vrrB 1, vrrB 2, and CG3), two were discovered by searching complete plasmid nucleotide sequences (pXO1-aat and pXO2-at), and one was known previously (vrrA). MLVA characterization of 426 B. anthracis isolates identified 89 distinct genotypes. VNTR markers frequently identified multiple alleles (from two to nine), with Nei's diversity values between 0.3 and 0.8. Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average cluster analysis identified six genetically distinct groups that appear to be derived from clones. Some of these clones show worldwide distribution, while others are restricted to particular geographic regions. Human commerce doubtlessly has contributed to the dispersal of particular clones in ancient and modern times.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis: Determining the Correct Origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2928-2931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Pilo ◽  
Vincent Perreten ◽  
Joachim Frey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

ABSTRACT We analyzed and compared strains of Bacillus anthracis isolated from husbandry and industrial anthrax cases in Switzerland between 1952 and 1981 with published data using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Strains isolated from autochthonous cases of anthrax in cattle belong to genotype B2, together with strains from continental Europe, while human B. anthracis strains clustered with genotype A4. These strains could be traced back to outbreaks of human anthrax that occurred between 1978 and 1981 in a factory processing cashmere wool from the Indian subcontinent. We interpret the worldwide occurrence of B. anthracis strains of cluster A4 to be due to the extensive global trade of untreated cashmere wool during the last century.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Australian Bacillus anthracis Isolates Revealed by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Janine Muller ◽  
Ilhan Mohammad ◽  
Simone Warner ◽  
Roger Paskin ◽  
Fiona Constable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
New South ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Single Genotype

Outbreaks of anthrax occur sporadically in Australia and most commonly in the “anthrax belt”, a region which extends from southern Queensland through the centre of New South Wales and into northern Victoria. Little is known about the epidemiological links between Bacillus anthracis isolates taken from different outbreaks and the diversity of strains within Australia. We used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis employing 25 markers (MLVA25) to genotype 99 B. anthracis isolates from an archival collection of Australian isolates. MLVA25 genotyping revealed eight unique genotypes which clustered within the previously defined A3 genotype of B. anthracis. Genotyping of B. anthracis strains from outbreaks of disease in Victoria identified the presence of multiple genotypes associated with these outbreaks. The geographical distribution of genotypes within Australia suggests that a single genotype was introduced into the eastern states of Australia, followed by the spread and localised differentiation of the pathogen (MLVA25 genotypes MG1-MG6) throughout the anthrax belt. In contrast, unexplained occurrences of disease in areas outside of this anthrax belt which are associated with different genotypes, (MLVA25 genotypes MG7 and MG8) indicate separate introductions of B. anthracis into Australia.

scholarly journals Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a human-animal anthrax outbreak in the Luangwa valley of Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Malama Mox Kalumbi ◽  
Bernard Mudenda Hangombe ◽  
Evans Mulenga ◽  
Ladslav Moonga ◽  
Sergio Muwowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Human Animal

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Dutch Bordetella pertussis Strains Reveals Rapid Genetic Changes with Clonal Expansion during the Late 1990s

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. 5496-5505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo M. Schouls ◽  
Han G. J. van der Heide ◽  
Luc Vauterin ◽  
Paul Vauterin ◽  
Frits R. Mooi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has remained endemic in The Netherlands despite extensive nationwide vaccination since 1953. In the 1990s, several epidemic periods have resulted in many cases of pertussis. We have proposed that strain variation has played a major role in the upsurges of this disease in The Netherlands. Therefore, molecular characterization of strains is important in identifying the causes of pertussis epidemiology. For this reason, we have developed a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing system for B. pertussis. By combining the MLVA profile with the allelic profile based on multiple-antigen sequence typing, we were able to further differentiate strains. The relationships between the various genotypes were visualized by constructing a minimum spanning tree. MLVA of Dutch strains of B. pertussis revealed that the genotypes of the strains isolated in the prevaccination period were diverse and clearly distinct from the strains isolated in the 1990s. Furthermore, there was a decrease in diversity in the strains from the late 1990s, with a remarkable clonal expansion that coincided with the epidemic periods. Using this genotyping, we have been able to show that B. pertussis is much more dynamic than expected.

scholarly journals Genotyping Mycoplasma hyorhinis by multi-locus sequence typing and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 108836
Author(s):  
Dorottya Földi ◽  
Katinka Bekő ◽  
Orsolya Felde ◽  
Zsuzsa Kreizinger ◽  
Áron B. Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis
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