multi locus sequence typing
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2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lanping Yu ◽  
Wenwen Hao ◽  
Fusen Zhang ◽  
Meijie Jiang ◽  
...  

The extensive use of antibiotics has caused antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli and gradual expands it into a worldwide problem. The resistant E. coli could be transmitted to humans through animal products, thereby creating a problem for bacterial treatment in humans and resulting in a public health issue. This study aims to investigate the molecular typing and drug resistance of swine and human origin E. coli within the same prefecture-level cities of Shandong Province and the potential risk of E. coli on public health. The drug sensitivity results indicated that tetracycline (TE) (97.17%) is a major antibiotic with high drug resistance in 106 swine origin E. coli. There was a significant difference in the drug-resistant genotypes between the two sources, of which the blaTEM positive rate was the highest in the genera of β-lactams (99% in swines and 100% in humans). Among the 146 E. coli isolates, 98 (91.51% swine origin) and 31 (77.5% human origin) isolates were simultaneously resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics, respectively. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) results indicate that the 106 swine origin E. coli isolates are divided into 25 STs with ST1258, ST361, and ST10 being the dominant sequence analysis typing strains. There were 19 MLST genotypes in 40 strains of human E. coli from Tai'an, Shandong Province, with ST1193, ST73, ST648, ST131, ST10, and ST1668 being the dominant strains. Moreover, the cluster analysis showed that CCl0 and CC23 were the common clonal complexes (CCs) from the two sources. Our results provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational use of antibiotics and preventing the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, and also provide epidemiological data for the risk analysis of foodborne bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in swine farms in Shandong Province.


Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei which can be found in water and soil, as well as in animals. This study was carried out to study the spatial distributions of the cases and their sequence types (ST) from the isolates. The cases were taken from the Hospital USM admission records from the years 2014 to 2019. There were 70 cases which from these cases 33 bacterial isolates were included in this study. Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed to the isolates. As the results, six novel STs were discovered. The cases were found to be clustered and concentrated in the northern part of the state. This study had revealed 15 different STs however, the predominant variant, ST371 (n=6) were found to be distributed in a dispersed manner. Meanwhile, the novel STs were found distributed sporadically in few districts of the state.


Author(s):  
K. Justin Davis ◽  
K. Justin Davis ◽  
K. Justin Davis ◽  
K. Justin Davis ◽  
K. Justin Davis

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease endemic in Kerala and close monitoring of emerging serovars is essential to adopt appropriate control strategies. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) was reported to be less expensive compared to other cumbersome methods like whole genome sequencing. The present study was conducted to obtain isolates of Leptospira from infected animals and rats and for the identification of serovars using MLST. A total of 205 blood samples (dog, cat, cattle, goat), 43 urine samples (dog, cattle) and post-mortem kidney samples from various animals such as dog (n=12), cattle (n=2) and rat (n=25) were collected and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using G1/G2 primers to identify the pathogenic Leptospira. Fifteen samples were found to be positive, these samples when inoculated in the Ellinghausen- McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) semi-solid medium to obtain ten isolates. These ten isolates were further subjected to secY, icdA and GyraseB PCR and sequenced. The obtained sequences were analysed using BLAST and were fed into specified MLST database of Leptospira scheme-3, the allelic profile and sequence type were generated. The MLST results obtained in the study indicated that the isolates S24 and S33 belonged to serovar Canicola, S40 and 47 were Sejroe and S19, S27, S55, S69 and S71 were Bataviae, Autumnalis, Pomona, Icterohaemorraghiae and Australis, respectively. It was concluded that MLST is a convenient method for identifying leptospiral serovars.


Author(s):  
Satoru Akase ◽  
Keiko Yokoyama ◽  
Hiromi Obata ◽  
Chie Monma ◽  
Noriko Konishi ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingshao Liang ◽  
Xiaoyun Liang ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jialiang Mai ◽  
...  

Methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization predisposes individuals for endogenous infections and is a major threat to children. Recently, oxacillin/cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA) has been reported worldwide. Herein, a prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted across five schools, representing three educational stages, in Guangzhou, China. Nasal swabs from 2,375 students were cultured for S. aureus and all isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing phenotypically and confirmed by femB and mecA genetic detection; all the isolates were classified as MSSA, MRSA, or OS-MRSA. All strains were also analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. Among the 2,375 swabs, S. aureus was detected in 744 children (31.3%, 95% CI: 25.9–36.7%), of whom 72 had MRSA (3.0%, 95% CI: 0.6–5.4%) and 4 had OS-MRSA (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.1–0.3%), of which an oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible MRSA strain was identified. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA was higher in younger children. The highest percentage of drug resistance of the S. aureus isolates (n = 744) was to penicillin (85.5%), followed by erythromycin (43.3%) and clidamycin (41.0%). The most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST30, ST45, and ST188 in MSSA, accounting for 38.7% of the total isolates, whereas ST45, ST59, and ST338 accounted for 74.6% of the MRSA isolates and ST338 accounted for 50.0% of the OS-MRSA isolates. The MRSA and OS-MRSA isolates (n = 76) were grouped into three clades and one singleton, with clonal complex (CC) 45 as the most predominant linkage. The top nine multi-locus sequence typing-based CCs (CC30, CC45, CC5, CC1, CC15, CC944, CC398, CC59, CC7) represented 86.7% of all S. aureus isolates. All CC30 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clidamycin, and almost all these isolates were also resistant to penicillin (99.2%). The CC45 and CC59 isolates exhibited high resistance rates to oxacillin at 31.5 and 59.0%, respectively. This study provides updated data valuable for designing effective control strategies to mitigate the burden of disease and to improve the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial treatments for potentially harmful infections.


2021 ◽  
pp. 109101
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zhang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Di Xie ◽  
Mengjiao Guo ◽  
Shuang Ma ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Luka Cvetnić ◽  
Marko Samardžija ◽  
Sanja Duvnjak ◽  
Boris Habrun ◽  
Marija Cvetnić ◽  
...  

Background: The bacterial species S. aureus is the most common causative agent of mastitis in cows in most countries with a dairy industry. The prevalence of infection caused by S. aureus ranges from 2% to more than 50%, and it causes 10–12% of all cases of clinical mastitis. Aim: The objective was to analyze 237 strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis regarding the spa, mecA, mecC and pvl genes and to perform spa and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Methods: Sequencing amplified gene sequences was conducted at Macrogen Europe. Ridom StaphType and BioNumerics software was used to analyze obtained sequences of spa and seven housekeeping genes. Results: The spa fragment was present in 204 (86.1%) of strains, while mecA and mecC gene were detected in 10 strains, and the pvl gene was not detected. Spa typing successfully analyzed 153 tested isolates (64.3%), confirming 53 spa types, four of which were new types. The most frequent spa type was t2678 (14%). MLST typed 198 (83.5%) tested strains and defined 32 different allele profiles, of which three were new. The most frequent allele profile was ST133 (20.7%). Six groups (G) and 15 singletons were defined. Conclusion: Taking the number of confirmed spa types and sequence types (STs) into account, it can be concluded that the strains of S. aureus isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis form a heterogenous group. To check the possible zoonotic potential of isolates it would be necessary to test the persons and other livestock on the farms.


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