scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Reveals Genetic Relationships within Bacillus anthracis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 2928-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Keim ◽  
L. B. Price ◽  
A. M. Klevytska ◽  
K. L. Smith ◽  
J. M. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Sequence Characterization

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis is one of the most genetically homogeneous pathogens described, making strain discrimination particularly difficult. In this paper, we present a novel molecular typing system based on rapidly evolving variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. Multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) uses the combined power of multiple alleles at several marker loci. In our system, fluorescently labeled PCR primers are used to produce PCR amplification products from eight VNTR regions in the B. anthracisgenome. These are detected and their sizes are determined using an ABI377 automated DNA sequencer. Five of these eight loci were discovered by sequence characterization of molecular markers (vrrC 1, vrrC 2,vrrB 1, vrrB 2, and CG3), two were discovered by searching complete plasmid nucleotide sequences (pXO1-aat and pXO2-at), and one was known previously (vrrA). MLVA characterization of 426 B. anthracis isolates identified 89 distinct genotypes. VNTR markers frequently identified multiple alleles (from two to nine), with Nei's diversity values between 0.3 and 0.8. Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average cluster analysis identified six genetically distinct groups that appear to be derived from clones. Some of these clones show worldwide distribution, while others are restricted to particular geographic regions. Human commerce doubtlessly has contributed to the dispersal of particular clones in ancient and modern times.

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Reveals Genetic Relationships within Bacillus anthracis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (23) ◽  
pp. 6862-6862 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Keim ◽  
L. B. Price ◽  
A. M. Klevytska ◽  
K. L. Smith ◽  
J. M. Schupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and clinical characterization of Leptospira interrogans canine isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Koizumi ◽  
Maki Mizutani Muto ◽  
Hidemasa Izumiya ◽  
Motoi Suzuki ◽  
Makoto Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Characterization of Dutch Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis using a Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risma Ikawaty ◽  
E.C. Brouwer ◽  
M.D. Jansen ◽  
E. van Duijkeren ◽  
D. Mevius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Worldwide Genetic Relationships among Francisella tularensis Isolates Determined by Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (17) ◽  
pp. 5808-5818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Johansson ◽  
Jason Farlow ◽  
Pär Larsson ◽  
Meghan Dukerich ◽  
Elias Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Type A ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Clonal Population Structure

ABSTRACT The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and poses a serious threat as an agent of bioterrorism. We have developed a highly effective molecular subtyping system from 25 variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. In our study, multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) was used to analyze genetic relationships and potential population structure within a global collection of 192 F. tularensis isolates, including representatives from each of the four subspecies. The VNTR loci displayed between 2 and 31 alleles with Nei's diversity values between 0.05 and 0.95. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis of VNTR data revealed 120 genotypes among the 192 F. tularensis isolates, including accurate subspecies identification. F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) isolates showed great diversity at VNTR loci, while F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) isolates showed much lower levels despite a much broader geographical prevalence. The resolution of two distinct clades within F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (designated A.I and A.II) revealed a previously unrecognized genetic division within this highly virulent subspecies. F. tularensis subsp. holarctica appears to have recently spread globally across continents from a single origin, while F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has a long and complex evolutionary history almost exclusively in North America. The sole non-North American type A isolates (Slovakian) were closely related to the SCHU S4 strain. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among VNTR loci of F. tularensis consistent with a clonal population structure. Overall, this work greatly augments the study of tularemia ecology and epidemiology, while providing a framework for future forensic analysis of F. tularensis isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis: Determining the Correct Origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2928-2931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Pilo ◽  
Vincent Perreten ◽  
Joachim Frey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

ABSTRACT We analyzed and compared strains of Bacillus anthracis isolated from husbandry and industrial anthrax cases in Switzerland between 1952 and 1981 with published data using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Strains isolated from autochthonous cases of anthrax in cattle belong to genotype B2, together with strains from continental Europe, while human B. anthracis strains clustered with genotype A4. These strains could be traced back to outbreaks of human anthrax that occurred between 1978 and 1981 in a factory processing cashmere wool from the Indian subcontinent. We interpret the worldwide occurrence of B. anthracis strains of cluster A4 to be due to the extensive global trade of untreated cashmere wool during the last century.

Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for the characterization of wild feline Bartonella species and subspecies

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 108788
Author(s):  
Henri-Jean Boulouis ◽  
Bruno B. Chomel ◽  
Girault Guillaume ◽  
Durand Benoît ◽  
Chao-chin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Bartonella Species ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis
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