Analysis of genetic diversity in Prunus sibirica L. in inner Mongolia using SCoT molecular markers

Population genetic diversity contributes to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, especially via genetic breeding. In the present study, start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of 278 individuals from 10 Prunus sibirica L. populations in Inner Mongolia. A total of 289 polymorphic bands were amplified with 23 SCoT primers, showing a polymorphism percentage of 98.87% and an average of 12.6 polymorphic bands per primer. The SCoT21, SCoT32, and SCoT53 primers amplified up to 17 bands, and the polymorphism percentage was 100%. The minimum number of bands amplified by SCoT25 was 9, and the polymorphism percentage was 90%. Therefore, SCoT molecular markers were shown to be highly polymorphic and suitable for genetic diversity studies of P. sibirica in Inner Mongolia. The analysis of molecular variance showed that 39% of the observed genetic differentiation occurred among populations and 61% occurred within populations, indicating that the genetic differentiation within populations was greater than that among populations. The results of the unweighted pair-group method with an arithmetic cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE analysis were basically the same and divided the 278 individuals from the 10 populations into 2 groups. The results indicated that the efficient SCoT molecular marker-based genetic diversity analysis of P. sibirica in Inner Mongolia can provide a reference for P. sibirica variety breeding and resource development.

COGNITIVE INTERVENTION TO THE WOMEN WHO ATTEND THE "BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT GROUP"

Introduction: Breast milk is the best food to meet the nutritional needs of the child, exclusively for the first 6 months and up to two years of age, favoring the establishment of the mother-child bond. Objective: To carry out a cognitive intervention to the women who attend the “breastfeeding support group”. Method: Quantitative research, with a quasi-experimental design, in a census sample made up of 11 pregnant women and 19 breastfeeding women. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitudes Scale (IIFAS) was used. Results: 33.30% (10) are between 33-35 years old, 63% (19) in the puerperium, 56% (17) with primary education, 60% (18) carry out agricultural / cattle raising activities, 53% (16) in free union. In the pre-intervention, the women had a positive attitude with a score of 17-48 towards artificial breastfeeding 83% (25), in the post-intervention the positive attitude towards breastfeeding changed 87% (26), with a significant difference of p <0.01, in the items of the IIFAS instrument in the pre-intervention a mean and standard deviation of 2.07 ± 1.16, with an increase in the post-intervention of 4.48±0.65, a significance difference <0.05 in the total of questions in the pre-intervention from 35.23, increased after the intervention to 76.13, their attitude changed to exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: the cognitive intervention increased the positive attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding, highlighting that a timely educational intervention of promotion, support and accompaniment during pregnancy and postpartum guarantees the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding. Keywords: breastfeeding, breastfeeding behavior, breastfeeding, knowledge, attitudes and health practice

Using Flipped Classes to Develop Scientific Communication and the Attitude Towards Technology Acceptance in Science Learning in Intermediate Schools

This study aimed for using flipped classroom to develop scientific communication and the attitude towards technology acceptance in science learning among intermediate school students. For this purpose, the quasi-experimental design with the experimental and the control group method was used. The sample involved (49) third intermediate stage students from two different schools in Wadi Al-Dawasir Governorate, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A list of written scientific communication levels suitable for intermediate school students and a procedural model for learning with flipped classes were presented. The study applied the scientific communication test and the technology acceptance in the science learning scale. The statistical analyses revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the means of the scores of the experimental and control group students in the scientific communication scale and the technology acceptance in the science learning scale in favor of the experimental group. Recommendations and suggestions were presented.

Project-Based Learning Application in Higher Education

Learning methodologies that are active and centred on the student are concepts that accentuate the learning process instead of the teaching process. In this way, the following chapter aims to present the application of project-based learning in higher education and the different impact it might have on the students, as well as the experience and perspective from the students' point of view on this kind of teaching approach. To be able to collect data, the authors used initially a qualitative approach to comprehend and understand the research subjects' perspectives and points of view, followed by the focus group method as a method for collecting qualitative data. Throughout the students' experience, the development of transversal competences is mentioned several times as a great aspect related to this kind of methodology. However, the need for effective management of conflicts between members and the mandatory integration of some subjects' contents are also mentioned as some less-positive aspects.

Record of Copepod Parasite (Pennellidae) in Buccal Cavity and Gill Arch of Cultured Groupers, Epinephelus spp. in Batam, Indonesia

The crustacean parasites are the most frequently encountered and cause significant economic loss in mariculture. These parasites infect fish fin, skin, gills, and buccal cavity. This study aims to describe copepod parasite in the buccal cavity of cultured groupers, Epinephelus spp., from Batam waters using morphological and molecular biology approaches. The tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskal, 1775), and hybrid grouper, Epinephelus sp. showing lethargy and skin darkening were collected from sea cages. The parasite’s morphology was observed using light and scanning electron microscopes. The genomic DNA was isolated from the parasites and used as a template for amplification of cytochrome oxidase subunit-1 (Cox1) gene and followed by sequencing. The fish exhibited red nodules in the mouth cavity, on the lips, and gill arch in varying numbers and size of nodules. The copepodid, chalimus, and adult copepod stages were found from the nodule. Based on the presence of the oral cone, this parasite belonged to Siphonostomatoida order of copepods. Based on the structure of the caudal ramus with four long and four short setae, the first and second pair legs as biramous, and the third pair leg as uniramous, this parasite belonged to Pennellidae family of copepods. Basic local alignment search tool analysis of this Cox1 showed low homology within 80%, indicating that the DNA sequences of the parasite species were not reported in the GenBank. The unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average phylogenetic trees supported that this parasite belonged to the family Pennellidae. This is the first report on the pennellid parasite infection in the buccal cavity and gill arch of cultured groupers in Batam, Indonesia.

KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PESERTA DI KELAS 6 SDIT ENTER

Reading skill is one that must be possessed by students. The purpose of this study was to determine the reading skills of students at SDIT Enter Serang-Banten. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach to data collection techniques carried out by direct observation and documentation studies. The subjects of this research are students. Based on the results of observations and research conducted by researchers, it is found that there are some students who are not fluent in reading and have not been able to determine the main idea and describe a reading text. With this problem, the researcher provides a solution by using the anti-creation guide model, group method and literacy board media with reading texts that can improve students' reading skills.