Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophila (Formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) Variants in Blood from Sheep in Norway

ABSTRACT Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is a recently described disease caused by an obligate intracellular gram-negative organism recently named Ehrlichia phagocytophila. To expand our knowledge of the susceptibility of E. phagocytophila, we tested six New York State isolates for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials using an HL-60 cell culture system. All of the isolates were susceptible to doxycycline (MIC, ≤0.125 μg/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC], 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml), rifampin (MIC, ≤0.125 μg/ml; MBC, ≤0.125 μg/ml), ofloxacin (MIC, ≤2 μg/ml; MBC, ≤2 μg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC, ≤1 μg/ml; MBC, ≤1 μg/ml), and trovafloxacin (MIC, ≤0.032 μg/ml; MBC, ≤0.032 μg/ml). Isolates were uniformly resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and amikacin. For one strain, the MBC of chloramphenicol was ≤8 μg/ml. These data suggest that quinolone antibiotics and rifampin may be alternative agents for patients with intolerance to tetracyclines.

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Serologic cross-reactions among Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and human granulocytic Ehrlichia.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.33.5.1098-1103.1995 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 1098-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

J S Dumler ◽

K M Asanovich ◽

J S Bakken ◽

P Richter ◽

R Kimsey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Reactions ◽

Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽

Ehrlichia Equi

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Chemotherapy and pharmacokinetics of some antimicrobial agents in healthy dwarf goats and those infected with Ehrlichia phagocytophila (tick-borne fever)

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30636-2 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 386-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

S.M. ANIKA ◽

J.F.M. NOUWS ◽

H. VAN GOGH ◽

J. NIEUWENHUIJS ◽

T.B. VREE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽

Dwarf Goats

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Field evidence that roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are a natural host for Ehrlichia phagocytophila

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899003684 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. 315-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

M. P. ALBERDI ◽

A. R. WALKER ◽

K. A. URQUHART

Keyword(s):

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Ehrlichia Phagocytophila ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Field Evidence ◽

Polymerase Chain

Samples of blood, spleen and legs from 112 culled roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were collected from nine sites widespread in the United Kingdom. The prevalence of infection with Ehrlichia phagocytophila was determined by serology and polymerase chain reaction. Means of 58% of 102 plasma or serum samples were seroreactive by IFA, 38% of 84 blood samples and 29% of 82 spleen samples were positive by PCR. Ticks on legs of 71 roe deer were Ixodes ricinus larvae, nymphs and adults and 83% of legs were infested. Numbers of ticks corresponded positively to the percentage of samples positive for E. phagocytophila by serology and PCR for different sampling sites. Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from the vegetation at one site with infected deer were analysed for infection with E. phagocytophila by examination of Feulgen stained salivary glands. Of 135 nymphs 5% were infected. These results confirm that roe deer are commonly parasitized by both E. phagocytophila and its vector tick in such a way that it is likely to be an important natural mammalian reservoir of E. phagocytophila.

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