Frequency and Abundance of Alphaherpesvirus DNA in Human Thoracic Sympathetic Ganglia

Alphaherpesvirus reactivation from thoracic sympathetic ganglia (TSG) and transaxonal spread to target organs cause human visceral disease. Yet alphaherpesvirus latency in TSG has not been well characterized. In this study, quantitative PCR detected varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and HSV-2 DNA in 117 fresh TSG obtained postmortem from 15 subjects. VZV DNA was found in 76 (65%) ganglia from all subjects, HSV-1 DNA was found in 5 (4%) ganglia from 3 subjects, and no HSV-2 was found.

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A Lethal Combination of Disseminated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Co-Infection in an Immunosuppressed Adult

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6587 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Tahboub ◽

A. Al-Shyoukh ◽

L. Numan ◽

O. Abughanimeh ◽

M. Younis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Varicella Zoster Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

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Comparison of the dynamics and correlates of transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) in a sample of the Israeli population

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-007-9169-3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 641-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Batya B. Davidovici ◽

Ran D. Balicer ◽

Eyal Klement ◽

Manfred S. Green ◽

Ella Mendelson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Varicella Zoster Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Israeli Population ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

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Differences in the Likelihood of Acyclovir Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Thymidine Kinase Genes of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Varicella-Zoster Virus

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00017-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hikaru Fujii ◽

Shizuko Harada ◽

Tomoki Yoshikawa ◽

Souichi Yamada ◽

Natsumi Omura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Varicella Zoster Virus ◽

Thymidine Kinase ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACTAcyclovir (ACV) resistance-associated mutations in two recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) clones were compared. Recombinant HSV-1 lacking its thymidine kinase (TK) and expressing varicella-zoster virus (VZV) TK ectopically had no mutations in the VZV TK gene. In contrast, recombinant HSV-1 expressing HSV-1 TK ectopically harbored mutations in the HSV-1 TK gene. These results suggest that the relatively low frequency of ACV-resistant VZV is a consequence of the characteristics of the TK gene.

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Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Glycoprotein E Is a Serological Antigen for Detection of Intrathecal Antibodies to VZV in Central Nervous System Infections, without Cross-Reaction to Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05061-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 1336-1342 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anna Grahn ◽

Marie Studahl ◽

Staffan Nilsson ◽

Elisabeth Thomsson ◽

Malin Bäckström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Glycoprotein E ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) cause serious central nervous system (CNS) diseases that are diagnosed with PCR using samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, during later stages of such infections, with assays of intrathecal IgG antibody production. However, serological diagnoses have been hampered by cross-reactions between HSV-1 and VZV IgG antibodies and are commonly reported in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). In this study we have evaluated VZV glycoprotein E (gE) as a new antigen for serological diagnosis of VZV-induced CNS infections. Paired samples of CSF and serum from 29 patients with clinical diagnosis of VZV CNS infection (n= 15) or HSE (n= 14), all confirmed by PCR, were analyzed. VZV gE and whole VZV were compared as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for serological assays in which the CSF/serum sample pairs were diluted to identical IgG concentrations. With the gE antigen, none of the HSE patients showed intrathecal IgG antibodies against VZV, compared to those shown by 11/14 patients using whole-VZV antigen (P< 0.001). In the patients with VZV infections, significantly higher CSF/serum optical density (OD) ratios were found in the VZV patients using the VZV gE antigen compared to those found using the whole-VZV antigen (P= 0.001). These results show that gE is a sensitive antigen for serological diagnosis of VZV infections in the CNS and that this antigen was devoid of cross-reactivity to HSV-1 IgG in patients with HSE. We therefore propose that VZV gE can be used for serological discrimination of CNS infections caused by VZV and HSV-1.

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Quantitation of Latent Varicella-Zoster Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Genomes in Human Trigeminal Ganglia

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.12.10514-10518.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 10514-10518 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Stephanie R. Pevenstein ◽

Richard K. Williams ◽

Daniel McChesney ◽

Erik K. Mont ◽

John E. Smialek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Varicella Zoster Virus ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Trigeminal Ganglia ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Glycoprotein G ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Virus Genomes ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Using real-time fluorescence PCR, we quantitated the numbers of copies of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) genomes in 15 human trigeminal ganglia. Eight (53%) and 1 (7%) of 15 ganglia were PCR positive for HSV-1 or -2 glycoprotein G genes, with means of 2,902 ± 1,082 (standard error of the mean) or 109 genomes/105 cells, respectively. Eleven of 14 (79%) to 13 of 15 (87%) of the ganglia were PCR positive for VZV gene 29, 31, or 62. Pooling of the results for the three VZV genes yielded a mean of 258 ± 38 genomes/105 ganglion cells. These levels of latent viral genome loads have implications for virus distribution in and reactivation from human sensory ganglia.

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