Oligo(A) sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus G protein gene: assessment of their genetic stability in frameshift mutants.

ABSTRACT The emergence of natural isolates of human respiratory syncytial virus group B (HRSV-B) with a 60-nucleotide (nt) duplication in the G protein gene in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1999 (A. Trento et al., J. Gen. Virol. 84:3115-3120, 2003) and their dissemination worldwide allowed us to use the duplicated segment as a natural tag to examine in detail the evolution of HRSV during propagation in its natural host. Viruses with the duplicated segment were all clustered in a new genotype, named BA (A. Trento et al., J. Virol. 80:975-984, 2006). To obtain information about the prevalence of these viruses in Spain, we tested for the presence of the duplicated segment in positive HRSV-B clinical samples collected at the Severo Ochoa Hospital (Madrid) during 12 consecutive epidemics (1996-1997 to 2007-2008). Viruses with the 60-nt duplication were found in 61 samples, with a high prevalence relative to the rest of B genotypes in the most recent seasons. Global phylogenetic and demographic analysis of all G sequences containing the duplication, collected across five continents up until April 2009, revealed that the prevalence of the BA genotype increased gradually until 2004-2005, despite its rapid dissemination worldwide. After that date and coinciding with a bottleneck effect on the population size, a relatively new BA lineage (BA-IV) replaced all other group B viruses, suggesting further adaptation of the BA genotype to its natural host.

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Natural History of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inferred from Phylogenetic Analysis of the Attachment (G) Glycoprotein with a 60-Nucleotide Duplication

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.80.2.975-984.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 975-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Alfonsina Trento ◽

Mariana Viegas ◽

Mónica Galiano ◽

Cristina Videla ◽

Guadalupe Carballal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Natural History ◽

G Protein ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

History Of ◽

Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT A total of 47 clinical samples were identified during an active surveillance program of respiratory infections in Buenos Aires (BA) (1999 to 2004) that contained sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) with a 60-nucleotide duplication in the attachment (G) protein gene. This duplication was analogous to that previously described for other three viruses also isolated in Buenos Aires in 1999 (A. Trento et al., J. Gen. Virol. 84:3115-3120, 2003). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BA sequences with that duplication shared a common ancestor (dated about 1998) with other HRSV G sequences reported worldwide after 1999. The duplicated nucleotide sequence was an exact copy of the preceding 60 nucleotides in early viruses, but both copies of the duplicated segment accumulated nucleotide substitutions in more recent viruses at a rate apparently higher than in other regions of the G protein gene. The evolution of the viruses with the duplicated G segment apparently followed the overall evolutionary pattern previously described for HRSV, and this genotype has replaced other prevailing antigenic group B genotypes in Buenos Aires and other places. Thus, the duplicated segment represents a natural tag that can be used to track the dissemination and evolution of HRSV in an unprecedented setting. We have taken advantage of this situation to reexamine the molecular epidemiology of HRSV and to explore the natural history of this important human pathogen.

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Biophysical and flavonoid-binding studies of the G protein ectodomain of group A human respiratory syncytial virus

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. e01394

Author(s):

Vitor Brassolatti Machado ◽

Jéssica Maróstica de Sá ◽

Ana Karla Miranda Prado ◽

Karina Alves de Toledo ◽

Luis Octávio Regasini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

G Protein ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Binding Studies ◽

Group A ◽

Syncytial Virus

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Glycosylation studies of G-protein of BA genotype of group B human respiratory syncytial virus in mammalian cells

10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2673 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Wajihul Khan ◽

Raghuram VLN Shrungaram ◽

Shobha Broor ◽

Shama Parveen

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

G Protein ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Group B ◽

Ba Genotype

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Major changes in the G protein of human respiratory syncytial virus isolates introduced by a duplication of 60 nucleotides

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.19357-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 84 (11) ◽

pp. 3115-3120 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

Alfonsina Trento ◽

Mónica Galiano ◽

Cristina Videla ◽

Guadalupe Carballal ◽

Blanca García-Barreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

G Protein ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Virus Isolates

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Genetic Variability and Molecular Evolution of the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup B Attachment G Protein

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.14.9157-9167.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (14) ◽

pp. 9157-9167 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Kalina T. Zlateva ◽

Philippe Lemey ◽

Elien Moës ◽

Anne-Mieke Vandamme ◽

Marc Van Ranst

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

G Protein ◽

Antigenic Variation ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Nucleotide Substitutions ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most important cause of acute respiratory disease in infants. Two major subgroups (A and B) have been identified based on antigenic differences in the attachment G protein. Antigenic variation between and within the subgroups may contribute to reinfections with these viruses by evading the host immune responses. To investigate the circulation patterns and mechanisms by which HRSV-B viruses evolve, we analyzed the G protein genetic variability of subgroup B sequences isolated over a 45-year period, including 196 Belgian strains obtained over 22 epidemic seasons (1982 to 2004). Our study revealed that the HRSV-B evolutionary rate (1.95 × 10−3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year) is similar to that previously estimated for HRSV-A (1.83 × 10−3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year). However, natural HRSV-B isolates appear to accommodate more drastic changes in their attachment G proteins. The most recent common ancestor of the currently circulating subgroup B strains was estimated to date back to around the year 1949. The divergence between the two major subgroups was calculated to have occurred approximately 350 years ago. Furthermore, we have identified 12 positively selected sites in the G protein ectodomain, suggesting that immune-driven selective pressure operates in certain codon positions. HRSV-A and -B strains have similar phylodynamic patterns: both subgroups are characterized by global spatiotemporal strain dynamics, where the high infectiousness of HRSV permits the rapid geographic spread of novel strain variants.

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