scholarly journals Structure and Distribution of Endogenous Nonecotropic Murine Leukemia Viruses in Wild Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 8289-8300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Tomonaga ◽  
John M. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Leukemia Viruses ◽  
Specific Sequences ◽  
Murine Leukemia

ABSTRACT Virtually all of our present understanding of endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) is based on studies with inbred mice. To develop a better understanding of the interaction between endogenous retroviruses and their hosts, we have carried out a systematic investigation of endogenous nonecotropic MLVs in wild mice. Species studied included four major subspecies of Mus musculus(M. m. castaneus, M. m. musculus, M. m. molossinus, and M. m. domesticus) as well as four common inbred laboratory strains (AKR/J, HRS/J, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J). We determined the detailed distribution of nonecotropic proviruses in the mice by using both env- and long terminal repeat (LTR)-derived oligonucleotide probes specific for the three different groups of endogenous MLVs. The analysis indicated that proviruses that react with all of the specific probes are present in most wild mouse DNAs tested, in numbers varying from 1 or 2 to more than 50. Although in common inbred laboratory strains the linkage of group-specific sequences in env and the LTR of the proviruses is strict, proviruses which combine env and the LTR sequences from different groups were commonly observed in the wild-mouse subspecies. The “recombinant” nonecotropic proviruses in the mouse genomes were amplified by PCR, and their genetic and recombinant natures were determined. These proviruses showed extended genetic variation and provide a valuable probe for study of the evolutionary relationship between MLVs and the murine hosts.

scholarly journals Virological Properties and Nucleotide Sequences of Cas-E-Type Endogenous Ecotropic Murine Leukemia Viruses in South Asian Wild Mice, Mus musculus castaneus

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5049-5058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Ikeda ◽  
Kanako Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Kitani ◽  
Takako Suzuki ◽  
Takamasa Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Spontaneous Expression ◽  
Leukemia Viruses ◽  
Murine Leukemia

ABSTRACT Two types of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs), termed AKV- and Cas-E-type MuLVs, differ in nucleotide sequence and distribution in wild mouse subspecies. In contrast to AKV-type MuLV, Cas-E-type MuLV is not carried by common laboratory mice. Wild mice ofMus musculus (M. m.) castaneus carry multiple copies of Cas-E-type endogenous MuLV, including the Fv-4r gene that is a truncated form of integrated MuLV and functions as a host's resistance gene against ecotropic MuLV infection. Our genetic cross experiments showed that only the Fv-4r gene was associated with resistance to ecotropic F-MuLV infection. Because the spontaneous expression of infectious virus was not detected in M. m. castaneus, we generated mice that did not carry the Fv-4r gene but did carry a single or a few endogenous MuLV loci. In mice not carrying theFv-4r gene, infectious MuLVs were isolated in association with three of six Cas-E-type endogenous MuLV loci. The isolated viruses showed a weak syncytium-forming activity for XC cells, an interfering property of ecotropic MuLV, and a slight antigenic variation. Two genomic DNAs containing endogenous Cas-E-type MuLV were cloned and partially sequenced. All of the Cas-E-type endogenous MuLVs were closely related, hybrid-type viruses with an ecotropicenv gene and a xenotropic long terminal repeat. Duplications and a deletion were found in a restricted region of the hypervariable proline-rich region of Env glycoprotein.

scholarly journals CROSSING OVER BETWEEN GENES IN THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN LINKAGE GROUP OF THE MOUSE

1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Lieberman ◽  
Michael Potter
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes ◽  
Papain Digestion

Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes were found in wild mice (Mus musculus) that could best be explained as recombinants of immunoglobulin genotypes. In wild mice from Kitty Hawk, N. C., two new heavy chain linkage groups, G3,5,7,8H9,11FfA- and G3,5,8H9,11FfA-, were found, each of which genetically controls both the 3 and 5 distinct immunoglobulin determinants. In inbred strains the 3 and 5 determinants are found independently. The new heavy chain allotype G3,5,7,8H9,11FfA- probably arose from a homologous (intragenic) cross-over between G3,8H9,11FfA- and G5,7,8H9,11FfA14 heavy chain linkage groups. It was suggested that genes controlling G3,8G5,7,8, G3,5,8, and G3,5,7,8 are alleles. Another homozygous wild mouse (Kyushu, Japan) showed a new heavy chain allotype, 2G1,6,7,8H9,16FsA15. The 2 and G1,6,7,8 determinants are also separated in inbred strains. The 2 determinant in inbred mice is not on the γF, γH, or γA heavy chain and is probably on a γG or γG-like immunoglobulin heavy chain. Papain digestion of serum from the Kyushu mouse showed two electrophoretically different Fc fragments, one carrying the G1,6,7,8 and the other the 2 determinant. The new heavy chain allotype, 2G1,6,7,8H9,16FsA15, of the Kyushu wild mouse probably arose from a nonhomologous (unequal) cross over between 2G-H9,16FsA15 and G1,6,7,8H9,11FfA12,13,14 heavy chain linkage groups. The linkage group of the Kyushu wild mouse has at least five heavy chain genes, while that of the inbred mice has four.

scholarly journals Cell-surface antigens associated with recombinant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses.

1979 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W Cloyd ◽  
J W Hartley ◽  
W P Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Xenotropic Murine Leukemia ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Mink Cell ◽  
Leukemia Viruses ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Distinct type-specific antigens were detected on cells infected with cloned mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemia viruses by means of cell surface immunofluorescence absorption assays with rabbit antisera raised against naturally-occurring AKR MCF viruses. The MCF type-specific antibodies were present in high titer and not absorbable by cells infected with ecotropic, xenotropic, or wild mouse amphotropic murine leukemia viruses, or combinations of ecotropic and xenotropic viruses. Three MCF subtype-specific reactions were identified. One subspecificity (operationally designated MCFA-1) defined antigenic determinant(s) distributed among MCF viruses in general. Another (MCFA-2) specified determinant(s) induced by all naturally occurring MCF isolates not of Friend or Moloney origin. A third subspecificity (MCFA-3) was induced by some MCF isolates, and not by others; the presence of this antigen did not correlate with the source of any presently known biological property of the viruses. In addition, type-specific antigenic determinants of ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses were expressed on MCF virus-infected cells. The serological profile of MCF viruses thus supports the contention that they are env gene recombinants between ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. However, new, distinct MCF-specific determinants are also generated, and these could be useful markers in studying MCF viruses.

scholarly journals Acquisition of two endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia viruses in distinct Asian wild mouse populations.

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1796-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Inaguma ◽  
N Miyashita ◽  
K Moriwaki ◽  
W C Huai ◽  
M L Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Leukemia Viruses ◽  
Murine Leukemia

scholarly journals Sequence Diversity, Intersubgroup Relationships, and Origins of the Mouse Leukemia Gammaretroviruses of Laboratory and Wild Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 4186-4198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devinka Bamunusinghe ◽  
Zohreh Naghashfar ◽  
Alicia Buckler-White ◽  
Ronald Plishka ◽  
Surendranath Baliji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Mouse Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Viruses

ABSTRACTMouse leukemia viruses (MLVs) are found in the common inbred strains of laboratory mice and in the house mouse subspecies ofMus musculus. Receptor usage and envelope (env) sequence variation define three MLV host range subgroups in laboratory mice: ecotropic, polytropic, and xenotropic MLVs (E-, P-, and X-MLVs, respectively). These exogenous MLVs derive from endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that were acquired by the wild mouse progenitors of laboratory mice about 1 million years ago. We analyzed the genomes of seven MLVs isolated from Eurasian and American wild mice and three previously sequenced MLVs to describe their relationships and identify their possible ERV progenitors. The phylogenetic tree based on the receptor-determining regions ofenvproduced expected host range clusters, but these clusters are not maintained in trees generated from other virus regions. Colinear alignments of the viral genomes identified segmental homologies to ERVs of different host range subgroups. Six MLVs show close relationships to a small xenotropic ERV subgroup largely confined to the inbred mouse Y chromosome.envvariations define three E-MLV subtypes, one of which carries duplications of various sizes, sequences, and locations in the proline-rich region ofenv. Outside theenvregion, all E-MLVs are related to different nonecotropic MLVs. These results document the diversity in gammaretroviruses isolated from globally distributedMussubspecies, provide insight into their origins and relationships, and indicate that recombination has had an important role in the evolution of these mutagenic and pathogenic agents.IMPORTANCELaboratory mice carry mouse leukemia viruses (MLVs) of three host range groups which were acquired from their wild mouse progenitors. We sequenced the complete genomes of seven infectious MLVs isolated from geographically separated Eurasian and American wild mice and compared them with endogenous germ line retroviruses (ERVs) acquired early in house mouse evolution. We did this because the laboratory mouse viruses derive directly from specific ERVs or arise by recombination between different ERVs. The six distinctively different wild mouse viruses appear to be recombinants, often involving different host range subgroups, and most are related to a distinctive, largely Y-chromosome-linked MLV ERV subtype. MLVs with ecotropic host ranges show the greatest variability with extensive inter- and intrasubtype envelope differences and with homologies to other host range subgroups outside the envelope. The sequence diversity among these wild mouse isolates helps define their relationships and origins and emphasizes the importance of recombination in their evolution.

scholarly journals Structures of Endogenous Nonecotropic Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) Long Terminal Repeats in Wild Mice: Implication for Evolution of MLVs

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 4327-4340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Tomonaga ◽  
John M. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Terminal Repeats ◽  
Murine Leukemia

ABSTRACT To develop a better understanding of the interaction between retroviruses and their hosts, we have investigated the polymorphism in endogenous murine leukemia proviruses (MLVs). We used genomic libraries of wild mouse DNAs and PCR to analyze genetic variation in the proviruses found in wild mouse species, including Mus musculus (M. m. castaneus, M. m. musculus, M. m. molossinus, and M. m. domesticus), Mus spretus, and Mus spicelegus, as well as some inbred laboratory strains. In this analysis, we detected several unique forms of sequence organization in the U3 regions of the long terminal repeats of these proviruses. The distribution of the proviruses with unique U3 structures demonstrated that xenotropic MLV-related proviruses were present only in M. musculus subspecies, while polytropic MLV-related proviruses were found in both M. musculus and M. spretus. Furthermore, one unique provirus from M. spicelegus was found to be equidistant from ecotropic provirus and nonecotropic provirus by phylogenetic analysis. This provirus, termed HEMV, was thus likely to be related to the common ancestor of these MLVs. Moreover, an ancestral type of polytropic MLV-related provirus was detected inM. spretus species. Despite their “ancestral” phylogenetic position, proviruses of these types are not widespread in mice, implying more-recent spread by infection rather than inheritance. These results imply that recent evolution of these proviruses involved alternating periods of replication as virus and residence in the germ line.

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