scholarly journals Short-Term Effect of Zidovudine on Plasma and Genital Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Viral Turnover in These Compartments

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 7702-7705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha ◽  
Barbra A. Richardson ◽  
Julie Overbaugh ◽  
Dana DeVange Panteleeff ◽  
Ruth Nduati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Zidovudine Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was determined in 42 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-seropositive women in Nairobi. After 7 days of zidovudine treatment, HIV-1 RNA levels decreased by 0.5 to 1.1 log10 in plasma and genital secretions. HIV-1 RNA half-life following zidovudine treatment was 4.7, 1.3, and 0.9 days in plasma, cervix, and vagina, respectively, and significantly shorter in genital secretions than in plasma (P < 0.001). Defining the short-term effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital HIV-1 is important for improving perinatal HIV-1 interventions.

Emergence of Dual Resistance to Zidovudine and Lamivudine in Clinical HIV-1 Isolates from Patients Receiving Zidovudine/Lamivudine Combination Therapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Rebekah JA Gass ◽  
Dave Shugarts ◽  
Russell Young ◽  
Michael Allen ◽  
Mary Rosandich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Zidovudine Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Susceptibility to zidovudine and lamivudine was determined on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates obtained from patients who added lamivudine after 6 months of treatment with zidovudine. Lamivudine-resistant isolates that were also zidovudine-resistant were recovered from 13/16 (81%) patients after 6 months of dual therapy. In contrast to findings in anti-retroviral therapy-naive patients, these results suggest that dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine emerges relatively quickly when lamivudine is added to zidovudine as a single agent in the majority of patients with extensive prior zidovudine treatment.

scholarly journals Increased Neutralization Sensitivity and Reduced Replicative Capacity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 after Short-Term In Vivo or In Vitro Passage through Chimpanzees

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 7699-7707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Beaumont ◽  
Silvia Broersen ◽  
Ad van Nuenen ◽  
Han G. Huisman ◽  
Ana-Maria de Roda Husman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neutralization Sensitivity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Development of disease is extremely rare in chimpanzees when inoculated with either T-cell-line-adapted neutralization-sensitive or primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), at first excluding a role for HIV-1 neutralization sensitivity in the clinical course of infection. Interestingly, we observed that short-term in vivo and in vitro passage of primary HIV-1 isolates through chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) resulted in a neutralization-sensitive phenotype. Furthermore, an HIV-1 variant reisolated from a chimpanzee 10 years after experimental infection was still sensitive to neutralization by soluble CD4, the CD4 binding site recognizing antibody IgG1b12 and autologous chimpanzee serum samples, but had become relatively resistant to neutralization by polyclonal human sera and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The initial adaptation of HIV-1 to replicate in chimpanzee PBMC seemed to coincide with a selection for viruses with low replicative kinetics. Neither coreceptor usage nor the expression level of CD4, CCR5, or CXCR4 on chimpanzee PBMC compared to human cells could explain the phenotypic changes observed in these chimpanzee-passaged viruses. Our data suggest that the increased neutralization sensitivity of HIV-1 after replication in chimpanzee cells may in part contribute to the long-term asymptomatic HIV-1 infection in experimentally infected chimpanzees.

scholarly journals Immune-Mediated Positive Selection Drives Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular Variation and Predicts Disease Duration

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (22) ◽  
pp. 11715-11720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Ross ◽  
Allen G. Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Using likelihood-based evolutionary methods, we demonstrate that the broad genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in an infected individual is a consequence of site-specific positive selection for diversity, a likely consequence of immune recognition. In particular, the extent of positive selection appears to be a good predictor of disease duration. Positively selected sites along HIV-1 partial env sequences are numerous but not distributed uniformly. In a sample of eight patients studied longitudinally, the proportion of sites per sample under positive selection was a statistically significant predictor of disease duration. Among long-term progressors, positive selection persisted at sites over time and appears to be associated with helper T-cell epitopes. In contrast, sites under positive selection shifted from one longitudinal sample to the next in short-term progressors. Our study is consistent with the hypothesis that a broad and persistent immunologic response is associated with a slower rate of disease progression. In contrast, narrow, shifting immune responses characterize short-term progressors.

Use of polimerase chain reaction for neonatal diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) perinatal infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata ◽  
Maria Célia C. Ferez ◽  
Dimas T. Covas ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Márcia L. Isaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Perinatal Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Neonatal Diagnosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Neutralization of multiple laboratory and clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by antisera raised against gp120 from the MN isolate of HIV-1.

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 4464-4469 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Berman ◽  
T J Matthews ◽  
L Riddle ◽  
M Champe ◽  
M R Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1
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