Faculty Opinions recommendation of Human Cytomegalovirus Enhances Placental Susceptibility and Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Which May Facilitate In Utero HIV-1 Transmission.

Plant-derived and semi-synthetic calanolide compounds with anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity were tested for anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity in both cytopathic effect inhibition and plaque reduction assays. The results indicated that the anti-HCMV activity of calanolide compounds does not correlate with their activity against HIV-1. The semi-synthetic 12-keto derivatives tended to be more active against HCMV than the corresponding 12-OH congeners, which were more active against HIV-1. It appeared that the 7,8-unsaturated double bond in the chromene ring played a certain role in maintaining activities against both HCMV and HIV-1. Saturation of the double bond increased the EC50 values against both viruses, with concomitant increase in toxicity. The calanolide compounds reported here are the first non-nucleoside analogues capable of inhibiting both HIV-1 and HCMV and, therefore, may be useful chemoprophylactic agents for HCMV in HIV-infected people or vice versa.

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Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus pp67 Late Gene Transcripts in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients by Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.5.1920-1925.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1920-1925 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Surya Tetali ◽

Xue Ping Wang ◽

Mark H. Kaplan ◽

Frans V. Cromme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Cns Disease ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Dna Pcr ◽

Hiv 1

This study examined the clinical correlation between the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pp67 mRNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and active HCMV central nervous system (CNS) disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In total, 76 CSF specimens collected from 65 HIV-1-positive patients diagnosed with HCMV CNS disease, other non-HCMV-related CNS diseases, or no CNS disease were tested for the presence of HCMV pp67 mRNA using the NucliSens cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp67 assay (Organon Teknika, Durham, N.C.). The results were compared to those of a nested PCR for the detection of HCMV glycoprotein B DNA and to those obtained by viral culture (54 samples). CSF specimens collected from patients without HCMV CNS disease yielded the following results: pp67 assay negative, 62 of 62 specimens; culture negative, 41 of 41 specimens; and PCR negative, 56 of 62 specimens (6 specimens were positive). CSF specimens collected from patients with HCMV CNS disease yielded the following results: pp67 assay positive, 9 of 13 specimens; PCR positive, 13 of 13 specimens; and culture positive, 2 of 13 specimens. After resolution of the discordant results, the following positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) for the diagnosis of HCMV CNS disease were determined. The PPV for PCR, pp67 assay, and culture were 68.4, 100, and 100%, respectively, and the NPV for PCR, pp67 assay, and culture were 100, 97.0, and 82.7%, respectively. The sensitivities for DNA PCR, pp67 assay, and culture for the detection of HCMV were 100, 84.6, and 18%, respectively, and the clinical specificities were 90.5, 100, and 100%, respectively. This study indicates that the detection of HCMV pp67 mRNA in CSF has good correlation with active HCMV CNS disease, whereas CSF culture is insensitive and qualitative DNA PCR may detect latent nonreplicating virus in CSF from patients without HCMV CNS disease.

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142-S: Illness During Pregnancy is Associated with in Utero Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) Transmission

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s36a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 161 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S36-S36

Author(s):

J Harris ◽

M Redman ◽

R Bosire ◽

D Wamalwa ◽

J Overbaugh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

In Utero ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

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Characterization of multiple molecular interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(90)90233-h ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 176 (1) ◽

pp. 87-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Robert F. Rando ◽

Alagarsamy Srinivasan ◽

Jennifer Feingold ◽

Eva Gonczol ◽

Stanley Plotkin

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Molecular Interactions ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

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Perinatal Transmission of Major, Minor, and Multiple Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants In Utero and Intrapartum

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.75.5.2194-2203.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 2194-2203 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Ruth E. Dickover ◽

Eileen M. Garratty ◽

Susan Plaeger ◽

Yvonne J. Bryson

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

In Utero ◽

Envelope Gene ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Previous studies have provided conflicting data on the presence of selective pressures in the transmission of a homogeneous maternal viral subpopulation to the infant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to definitively characterize the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) quasispecies transmitted in utero and intrapartum. HIV-1 envelope gene diversity from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma was measured during gestation and at delivery in mothers who did and did not transmit HIV perinatally by using a DNA heteroduplex mobility assay. Children were defined as infected in utero or intrapartum based on the timing of the first detection of HIV. Untreated transmitting mothers (n = 19) had significantly lower HIV-1 quasispecies diversity at delivery than untreated nontransmittting mothers (n = 18) (median Shannon entropy, 0.711 [0.642 to 0.816] versus 0.853 [0.762 to 0.925], P = 0.005). Eight mothers transmitted a single major env variant to their infants in utero, and one mother transmitted a single major env variant intrapartum. Four mothers transmitted multiple HIV-1 envvariants to their infants in utero, and two mothers transmitted multiple env variants intrapartum. The remaining six intrapartum- and two in utero-infected infants had a homogeneous HIV-1env quasispecies which did not comigrate with their mothers' bands at their first positive time point. In conclusion, in utero transmitters were more likely to transmit single or multiple major maternal viral variants. In contrast, intrapartum transmitters were more likely to transmit minor HIV-1 variants. These data indicate that different selective pressures, depending on the timing of transmission, may be involved in determining the pattern of maternal HIV-1 variant transmission.

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