scholarly journals Should Pneumococcal Vaccines Eliminate Nasopharyngeal Colonization?

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry S. McDaniel ◽  
Edwin Swiatlo
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccines ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

ABSTRACT  Streptococcus pneumoniae remains an important human pathogen. For more than 100 years, there have been vaccine efforts to prevent pneumococcal infection. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have significantly reduced invasive disease. However, these vaccines have changed pneumococcal ecology within the human nasopharynx. We suggest that elimination of the pneumococcus from the human nasopharynx can have consequences that should be considered as the next generation of pneumococcal vaccines is developed.

scholarly journals Development of Next Generation Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines Conferring Broad Protection

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malihe Masomian ◽  
Zuleeza Ahmad ◽  
Lai Ti Gew ◽  
Chit Laa Poh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cell Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccines ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Wide Range

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing pneumonia with over 2 million deaths annually, especially in young children and the elderly. To date, at least 98 different pneumococcal capsular serotypes have been identified. Currently, the vaccines for prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and unencapsulated S. pneumoniae. This has led to a rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant non-vaccine serotypes. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and affordable pneumococcal vaccines, which could cover a wide range of serotypes. This review discusses the new approaches to develop effective vaccines with broad serotype coverage as well as recent development of promising pneumococcal vaccines in clinical trials. New vaccine candidates are the inactivated whole-cell vaccine strain (Δpep27ΔcomD mutant) constructed by mutations of specific genes and several protein-based S. pneumoniae vaccines using conserved pneumococcal antigens, such as lipoprotein and surface-exposed protein (PspA). Among the vaccines in Phase 3 clinical trials are the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV-15 (V114) and 20vPnC. The inactivated whole-cell and several protein-based vaccines are either in Phase 1 or 2 trials. Furthermore, the recent progress of nanoparticles that play important roles as delivery systems and adjuvants to improve the performance, as well as the immunogenicity of the nanovaccines, are reviewed.

scholarly journals Population Snapshot of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Invasive Disease in South Africa Prior to Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedibone M. Ndlangisa ◽  
Mignon du Plessis ◽  
Nicole Wolter ◽  
Linda de Gouveia ◽  
Keith P. Klugman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution in Vojvodina before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into the national immunization program

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Zorica Seguljev ◽  
Mioljub Ristic ◽  
Jelena Djekic-Malbasa ◽  
Biljana Radosavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccines ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis. Mandatory childhood immunization against pneumococcal diseases is introduced in the new Law on Protection of Population against Communicable Diseases in Serbia. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pneumococcal serotype distribution in Vojvodina region before routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Serbia. Methods. A total of 105 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected in the period from January 2009 to April 2016. Based on the results of serotyping in the National Reference Laboratory, we analyzed distribution of circulating serotypes and coverage of conjugate and 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines in different age groups. Results. Among 105 isolates, a total of 21 different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined. The most frequent serotypes were 3 (21.9%), 19F (20.0%), and 14 (10.5%). The serotype coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) was 48.6%, 54.3%, and 84.8%, respectively, while pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) covered 89.5% of the total number of isolates in all age groups. Serotypes included in PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 represented 72.0%, 76.0%, and 88.0% of the total number of isolates in children ?5 years, respectively. Vaccine serotype coverage of PCV13 and PPV23 ranged from 87.1% to 90.3% in adults 50-64 years of age, and 77.8% to 85.2% in adults ?65 years old. Conclusion. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the population fairly overlaps with the serotypes contained in pneumococcal vaccines, so that implementation of childhood immunization is justified. The study was done in the Province of Vojvodina but the findings may be applied to Serbia as a whole. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON 175039] <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/SARH1612678E">10.2298/SARH1612678E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals Evaluating post-vaccine expansion patterns of pneumococcal serotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maile T. Phillips ◽  
Joshua L. Warren ◽  
Noga Givon-Lavi ◽  
Adrienn Tothpal ◽  
Gili Regev-Yochay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Disease Understanding

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective but target only a fraction of the more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes. As a result, the introduction of PCVs has been followed by the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. With higher-valency PCVs currently under development, there is a need to understand and predict patterns of serotype replacement to anticipate future changes. In this study, we evaluated patterns of change in serotype prevalence post-PCV introduction in Israel. We found that the assumption that non-vaccine serotypes increase by the same proportion overestimates changes in serotype prevalence in Jewish and Bedouin children. Furthermore, pre-vaccine prevalence was positively associated with increases in prevalence over the study period. From our analyses, serotypes 12F, 8, 16F, 33F, 9N, 7B, 10A, 22F, 24F, and 17F were estimated to have gained the most cases of invasive pneumococcal disease through serotype replacement in the Jewish population. However, this model also failed to quantify some additional cases gained, suggesting that changes in carriage in children alone may be insufficient to explain serotype replacement in disease. Understanding of serotype replacement is important as higher-valency vaccines are introduced.

Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome: Is It Time for a New Vaccine?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015
Author(s):  
Elena Bozzola ◽  
Andrzej Krzysztofiak ◽  
Annausa Pantosti ◽  
Laura Lancella ◽  
Paola Bernaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDiseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are mostly preventable infections by current immunization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the heptavalent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) on the burden of pneumococcal disease and on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in the pediatric age over a 5-year study (from January 2008 till December 2012). We observed a decrease in IPD rate in children after PCV13 introduction despite increases in nonvaccine serotype (NVS) rates in 2011. Nevertheless, from 2012, an increase in IPD rates due to non-PCV13 serotypes was observed.

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