scholarly journals Human U1 small nuclear RNA pseudogenes do not map to the site of the U1 genes in 1p36 but are clustered in 1q12-q22.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Lindgren ◽  
L B Bernstein ◽  
A M Weiner ◽  
U Francke
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Human Chromosome 1

Human U1 small nuclear RNA is encoded by approximately 30 gene copies. All of the U1 genes share several kilobases of essentially perfect flanking homology both upstream and downstream from the U1 coding region, but remarkably, for many U1 genes excellent flanking homology extends at least 24 kilobases upstream and 20 kilobases downstream. Class I U1 RNA pseudogenes are abundant in the human genome. These pseudogenes contain a complete but imperfect U1 coding region and possess extensive flanking homology to the true U1 genes. We mapped four class I pseudogenes by in situ hybridization to the long arm of chromosome 1, bands q12-q22, a region distinct from the site on the distal short arm of chromosome 1 to which the U1 genes have been previously mapped (Lund et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:2211-2220, 1983; Naylor et al., Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 10:307-313, 1984). We confirmed our in situ hybridization results by genomic blotting experiments with somatic cell hybrid lines with translocation products of human chromosome 1. These experiments provide further evidence that class I U1 pseudogenes and the true U1 genes are not interspersed. The results, along with those published elsewhere (Bernstein et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2159-2171, 1985), suggest that gene amplification may be responsible for the sequence homogeneity of the human U1 gene family.

Human U1 small nuclear RNA pseudogenes do not map to the site of the U1 genes in 1p36 but are clustered in 1q12-q22

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Lindgren ◽  
L B Bernstein ◽  
A M Weiner ◽  
U Francke
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Human Chromosome 1

Human U1 small nuclear RNA is encoded by approximately 30 gene copies. All of the U1 genes share several kilobases of essentially perfect flanking homology both upstream and downstream from the U1 coding region, but remarkably, for many U1 genes excellent flanking homology extends at least 24 kilobases upstream and 20 kilobases downstream. Class I U1 RNA pseudogenes are abundant in the human genome. These pseudogenes contain a complete but imperfect U1 coding region and possess extensive flanking homology to the true U1 genes. We mapped four class I pseudogenes by in situ hybridization to the long arm of chromosome 1, bands q12-q22, a region distinct from the site on the distal short arm of chromosome 1 to which the U1 genes have been previously mapped (Lund et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:2211-2220, 1983; Naylor et al., Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 10:307-313, 1984). We confirmed our in situ hybridization results by genomic blotting experiments with somatic cell hybrid lines with translocation products of human chromosome 1. These experiments provide further evidence that class I U1 pseudogenes and the true U1 genes are not interspersed. The results, along with those published elsewhere (Bernstein et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2159-2171, 1985), suggest that gene amplification may be responsible for the sequence homogeneity of the human U1 gene family.

Localization of human U1 small nuclear RNA genes to band p36.3 of chromosome 1 by in situ hybridization

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Naylor ◽  
B. U. Zabel ◽  
T. Manser ◽  
R. Gesteland ◽  
A. Y. Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Rna Genes

Assignment of the aminopeptidase B gene (RNPEP) to human chromosome 1 band q32 by in situ hybridization

1997 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aurich-Costa ◽  
S. Cadel ◽  
C. Gouzy ◽  
T. Foulon ◽  
D. Chérif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Human Chromosome 1

scholarly journals Partial trisomy of the long arm of human chromosome 1 as demonstrated by in situ hybridization with 5S ribosomal RNA

1977 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale M. Steffensen ◽  
Ernest H. Y. Chu ◽  
David P. Speert ◽  
Patrick M. Wall ◽  
Karen Meilinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Partial Trisomy ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
5S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Human Chromosome 1

Human U1 small nuclear RNA genes: extensive conservation of flanking sequences suggests cycles of gene amplification and transposition

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2159-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L B Bernstein ◽  
T Manser ◽  
A M Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Perfect Sequence ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Rna Genes

The DNA immediately flanking the 164-base-pair U1 RNA coding region is highly conserved among the approximately 30 human U1 genes. The U1 multigene family also contains many U1 pseudogenes (designated class I) with striking although imperfect flanking homology to the true U1 genes. Using cosmid vectors, we now have cloned, characterized, and partially sequenced three 35-kilobase (kb) regions of the human genome spanning U1 homologies. Two clones contain one true U1 gene each, and the third bears two class I pseudogenes 9 kb apart in the opposite orientation. We show by genomic blotting and by direct DNA sequence determination that the conserved sequences surrounding U1 genes are much more extensive than previously estimated: nearly perfect sequence homology between many true U1 genes extends for at least 24 kb upstream and at least 20 kb downstream from the U1 coding region. In addition, the sequences of the two new pseudogenes provide evidence that class I U1 pseudogenes are more closely related to each other than to true genes. Finally, it is demonstrated elsewhere (Lindgren et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2190-2196, 1985) that both true U1 genes and class I U1 pseudogenes map to chromosome 1, but in separate clusters located far apart on opposite sides of the centromere. Taken together, these results suggest a model for the evolution of the U1 multigene family. We speculate that the contemporary family of true U1 genes was derived from a more ancient family of U1 genes (now class I U1 pseudogenes) by gene amplification and transposition. Gene amplification provides the simplest explanation for the clustering of both U1 genes and class I pseudogenes and for the conservation of at least 44 kb of DNA flanking the U1 coding region in a large fraction of the 30 true U1 genes.

scholarly journals Human U1 small nuclear RNA genes: extensive conservation of flanking sequences suggests cycles of gene amplification and transposition.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2159-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
L B Bernstein ◽  
T Manser ◽  
A M Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Perfect Sequence ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Rna Genes

The DNA immediately flanking the 164-base-pair U1 RNA coding region is highly conserved among the approximately 30 human U1 genes. The U1 multigene family also contains many U1 pseudogenes (designated class I) with striking although imperfect flanking homology to the true U1 genes. Using cosmid vectors, we now have cloned, characterized, and partially sequenced three 35-kilobase (kb) regions of the human genome spanning U1 homologies. Two clones contain one true U1 gene each, and the third bears two class I pseudogenes 9 kb apart in the opposite orientation. We show by genomic blotting and by direct DNA sequence determination that the conserved sequences surrounding U1 genes are much more extensive than previously estimated: nearly perfect sequence homology between many true U1 genes extends for at least 24 kb upstream and at least 20 kb downstream from the U1 coding region. In addition, the sequences of the two new pseudogenes provide evidence that class I U1 pseudogenes are more closely related to each other than to true genes. Finally, it is demonstrated elsewhere (Lindgren et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2190-2196, 1985) that both true U1 genes and class I U1 pseudogenes map to chromosome 1, but in separate clusters located far apart on opposite sides of the centromere. Taken together, these results suggest a model for the evolution of the U1 multigene family. We speculate that the contemporary family of true U1 genes was derived from a more ancient family of U1 genes (now class I U1 pseudogenes) by gene amplification and transposition. Gene amplification provides the simplest explanation for the clustering of both U1 genes and class I pseudogenes and for the conservation of at least 44 kb of DNA flanking the U1 coding region in a large fraction of the 30 true U1 genes.

RNAs radiate from gene to cytoplasm as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 2565-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Dirks ◽  
K.C. Daniel ◽  
A.K. Raap
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Nuclear Signal

Genes for Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus immediate early antigen and luciferase are abundantly transcribed in Namalwa, rat 9G and X1 cells, respectively. The EBV transcripts and HCMV-IE transcripts are extensively spliced, while in the luciferase transcript only a small intron sequence has to be spliced out. EBV transcripts are hardly localized in the cytoplasm while the luciferase and HCMV-IE transcripts are present in the cytoplasm and translated into proteins. We have correlated these characteristics with nuclear RNA distribution patterns as seen by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Transcripts of the HCMV-IE transcription unit were shown to be present in a main nuclear signal in the form of a track or elongated dot and as small nuclear RNA signals that radiate from this site towards the cytoplasm. A similar distribution pattern of small RNA signals was observed for transcripts of the luciferase gene, whereas the main nuclear signal was always observed as a dot and never as a track or elongated dot. In Namalwa cells, EBV transcripts were only present as track-like signals. The results suggest that when the extent for splicing is high, unspliced or partially spliced mRNAs begin to occupy elongated dot or track-like domains in the vicinity of the gene. When the extent of splicing is low, splicing is completed co-transcriptionally, leading to a bright dot-like signal. The presence of small nuclear spots in addition to the main signal correlates with cytoplasmic mRNA expression. The small spots most likely represent, therefore, mRNAs in transport to the cytoplasm.

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