Cambrian–Lower Ordovician of SW Quebec–NE New York

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Osman Salad Hersi ◽  
Ed Landing ◽  
David Franzi ◽  
James Hagadorn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rodinia Supercontinent ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature

ABSTRACT The Ottawa aulacogen/graben on the NE US—Canadian (SW Quebec and eastern Ontario) border is a long ENE-trending structure formed with initial late Neo proterozoic rifting of the Rodinia supercontinent. This rifting formed the active spreading arms (New York Promontory and Quebec Reentrant) along the (presently) NE margin of the new Laurentia paleocontinent, with the Ottawa aulacogen commonly regarded as a failed arm of the rifting. However, no sediment accumulation in the aulacogen is recorded until the late early Cambrian subsidence of a SE- trending belt that includes the aulacogen and its extension, the Franklin Basin, in NW Vermont. Late early Cambrian marine onlap (Altona Formation) followed by more rapid late middle Cambrian subsidence and deposition of fluviatile arkoses (Covey Hill Formation of SW Quebec and Ausable Formation/Member of eastern New York) record rapid foundering of this “failed arm.” Subsequent deposition (latest middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician) in the Ottawa aulacogen produced a vertical succession of lithofacies that are fully comparable with those of the shelf of the New York Promontory. One of the greatest challenges in summarizing the geological history of the Ottawa aulacogen is the presence of a duplicate stratigraphic nomenclature with lithostratigraphic names changing as state and provincial borders are crossed.

scholarly journals Integrating paleontology, geothermometry, and sedimentology in determining the history of the Reelfoot Basin, southern midcontinent, U.S.A.

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 243-243
Author(s):  
J.E. Repetski ◽  
M.E. Taylor ◽  
D.S. Collins ◽  
A.R. Palmer ◽  
G.D. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
History Of

The northeast-trending Reelfoot basin, extending from northeast Arkansas and westernmost Tennessee into southeastern Missouri, southernmost Illinois, and westernmost Kentucky, is geologically, and socioeconomically, significant because it is co-extensive with the New Madrid Seismic Zone, one of the most seismically active areas of the central and eastern United States. The basin has been periodically active from its inception as a rift basin in the Proterozoic to the present and has accumulated up to at least 5,000 m of sediment, including up to at least 1 km of Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary strata near the head of the Mississippi Embayment. Structural and stratigraphic interpretations within the subsurface pre-Mesozoic part of the basin have been based almost entirely on geophysical and physical stratigraphic criteria; these interpretations have been loosely constrained due to an extreme sparsity of drillhole data through the Paleozoic sequence. Recent analysis of Cambrian and Ordovician fossils (conodonts, palynomorphs, brachiopods, and trilobites) from cuttings and core from a very few drillholes allows establishment of the beginnings of a verifiable stratigraphy for this part of the sequence. The paleontological data also provide (1) biofacies evidence for interpretations of the depositional setting during part of the Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician interval and (2) thermal maturation data pertaining to the post-depositional geothermal history of these strata.Upper Cambrian phosphatic brachiopods and trilobites provide improved correlations between strata in the basin, the Ozark shelf to the northwest, and the Upper Mississippi River Valley. Cold-water-realm palynomorphs and trilobites from siliciclastic rocks of turbiditic origin in the central part of the Reelfoot basin support an interpretation, based on sedimentary structures in a short interval of core, of a deep-water basinal origin for these strata.Lower Ordovician conodonts provide a biostratigraphy for the carbonate rocks of this part of the sequence; correlations can be made with the shallow-water sequences of the Knox, Prairie du Chien, and Arbuckle Groups, and the Ozark sequence of the adjacent shelf areas to the east, north, and west. The uppermost Lower Ordovician strata in the basin record a short-term incursion of cooler water environments, reflected by the character of both the conodont fauna and the lithofacies. The youngest Paleozoic dates known from the basin south of the Pascola arch are latest Ibexian (Early Ordovician).Thermal alteration indices of both the Cambrian palynomorphs (organic-walled microphytoplankton) and Ordovician conodonts in the deeper parts of the basin, corroborated by fluid inclusion thermometry, vitrinite reflectance, and other geochemical techniques, are of higher values than predicted using any published estimates of overburden burial. These maturation values most likely reflect burial enhanced by the passage of hydrothermal fluids on a regional scale; they place constraints on interpretations of the tectonothermal evolution of the basin.

Upper Placentian—Branchian series of mainland Nova Scotia (middle-upper Lower Cambrian): Faunas, paleoenvironments, and stratigraphic revision

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Landing
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
History Of ◽  
Placentia Bay ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature ◽  
Eastern Massachusetts

Lithostratigraphy and depositional and epeirogenic history of the upper Placentian Series (Cuslett-Fosters Point Formations of the Bonavista Group) and Branchian Series (Brigus Formation) are identical in the northern Antigonish Highlands; Cape Breton Island; and eastern Placentia Bay, southeastern Newfoundland. Preliminary evidence suggests that the lower Middle Cambrian is present in the field area. A unified, uppermost Precambrian–Lower Cambrian, formation- and member-level nomenclature is appropriate to Avalonian North America, and the stratigraphic nomenclature of southeastern Newfoundland is applied in northern mainland Nova Scotia.Latest Placentian shoaling and deposition of a peritidal carbonate lithosome and unconformable onlap of the trilobite-bearing Branchian Series occurred in shallow Avalonian shale basins from eastern Massachusetts to central England.Uppermost Placentian Series faunas are very diverse in the Fosters Point Formation. Limited similarities with the South Australian Lower Cambrian are indicated by the presence of Camenella sp. cf. C. reticulosa, Conotheca australiensis, and Hyptiotheca sp., but these forms do not contribute to highly resolved correlation.Twenty-eight taxa are illustrated from the upper Placentian and Branchian Series. Caveacus rectus n. gen. and sp., a phosphatic problematicum, is limited to the upper Placentian Series. The oldest, skeletalized, macrophagous predators are the Pseudoconodontida and the later appearing Protoconodontida (n. orders). The Pseudoconodontida includes the Protohertzinacea n. superfamily and Strictocorniculacea n. superfamily (with the Rhombocorniculidae and Strictocorniculidae n. families). Strictocorniculum vanallerum n. gen. and sp. is described. The tommotiid family Sunnaginiidae emend. includes Eccentrotheca, Sunnaginia, Kulparina, and Jayceia deltiformis n. gen. and sp.

scholarly journals Extraordinary fossils reveal the nature of Cambrian life: a commentary on Whittington (1975) ‘The enigmatic animal Opabinia regalis , Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia’

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1666) ◽  
pp. 20140313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Critical Interval ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
History Of ◽  
350Th Anniversary

Harry Whittington's 1975 monograph on Opabinia was the first to highlight how some of the Burgess Shale animals differ markedly from those that populate today's oceans. Categorized by Stephen J. Gould as a ‘weird wonder’ ( Wonderful life , 1989) Opabinia , together with other unusual Burgess Shale fossils, stimulated ongoing debates about the early evolution of the major animal groups and the nature of the Cambrian explosion. The subsequent discovery of a number of other exceptionally preserved fossil faunas of Cambrian and early Ordovician age has significantly augmented the information available on this critical interval in the history of life. Although Opabinia initially defied assignment to any group of modern animals, it is now interpreted as lying below anomalocaridids on the stem leading to the living arthropods. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

Lower Cambrian pediculate lingulids from Yunnan, China

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Yugan ◽  
Hou Xianguang ◽  
Wang Huayu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
And Function

The vermiform pedicle is one of the most distinctive organs of modern lingulids, but it is rarely preserved. Only two fossil specimens of lingulids with pedicle casts have been reported, one from the Ordovician and the other from the Devonian. No record of fossil pedicles of Lingulella and Lingulepis, the dominant Cambrian and Early Ordovician lingulids, is known. Fossil lingulids from the Lower Cambrian of Chengjiang County, Yunnan, suggest that the structure and function of the pedicle of the lingulids has not changed significantly from its first appearance. A comparison of fossil pedicle of lingulids from the Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang County (China), the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia (Canada), the Trenton Formation, Middle Ordovician, New York (U.S.A.), and the Devonian, Devonshire (England, U.K.) shows that the delthyrial area to which the pedicle muscles are attached was reduced in length through time until these muscles were completely embraced by the two valves.Two species, Lingulella chengjiangensis n. sp. and Lingulepis malongensis Rong, are described.

Colonization, Adaptation, Radiation, and Diversity in Fresh Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-330
Author(s):  
Shane T. Ahyong ◽  
Chao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Early Ordovician

About 12,000 of the 67,000 described species of crustaceans occur in fresh water. Crustaceans have colonized almost every type of freshwater environment in most parts of all continents. A common theme in marine-to-freshwater transitions is not only acquisition of osmoregulatory capabilities to cope with hyposalinity, but also optimizing reproductive strategies to cope with ecological and environmental variability. A key reproductive adaptation for fresh water is direct rather than extended planktonic development. Some groups, such as peracarids, were preadapted, already having direct development, whereas others, such as decapods, had to acquire it. Other crustaceans, such as branchiopods, are adapted not only to hyposalinity (and hypersalinity) but also to surviving in transient waters. Crustaceans have been colonizing fresh waters since the Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician and have independently adapted to life in inland waters many times throughout geological history. The pattern and timing of invasions has shaped present-day distributions. Contemporary distributions and diversity of crustaceans in surface waters are surveyed in the context of their paleohistory. Different groups of crustaceans have very different current distributions that reflect the differential influence of different patterns of colonization, geological history, ecology, and the constraints (or benefits) of their evolutionary heritage.

A revision of the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Cambrian–Ordovician strata of the Philipsburg tectonic slice, southern Quebec

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1775-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Salad Hersi ◽  
G S Nowlan ◽  
D Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Upper Cambrian ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature ◽  
Unconformable Contact ◽  
Tectonic Slice ◽  
Upper Boundary

The Philipsburg tectonic slice is bounded to the west by a northeast–southwest-trending thrust fault (Logan’s Line) and preserves 10 formations of Middle (?) to Late Cambrian (Milton, Rock River, and Strites Pond formations), Early Ordovician (Wallace Creek, Morgan Corner, Hastings Creek, and Naylor Ledge formations), and early Middle Ordovician (Luke Hill, Solomons Corner, and Corey formations) age. The strata were previously assigned to the Philipsburg Group. Early correlations between the Philipsburg succession and coeval strata of the St. Lawrence Platform were mainly based on sparse macrofauna and inferred stratigraphic position. Unconformities at the Cambrian–Ordovician and Early Ordovician – Middle Ordovician boundaries occurring in autochthonous St. Lawrence Platform and the allochthonous Philipsburg succession (Philipsburg tectonic slice) highlight new stratigraphic interpretations between the inner-shelf (St. Lawrence Platform) and the outer-shelf (Philipsburg) successions. The succession in the Philipsburg tectonic slice is divided into three new groups. The Middle (?) to Upper Cambrian Missisquoi Group (new) includes the Milton, Rock River, and Strites Pond formations. The upper boundary of the Missisquoi Group is defined by the upper unconformable contact between the Upper Cambrian Strites Pond Formation and overlying Lower Ordovician Wallace Creek Formation. The Missisquoi Group correlates with the Potsdam Group of the St. Lawrence Platform. The Lower Ordovician School House Hill Group (new) includes the Wallace Creek, Morgan Corner, Hastings Creek, and Naylor Ledge formations. The upper boundary of this group is marked by a regionally extensive unconformity at the top of the Naylor Ledge Formation and correlates with the younger Beekmantown-topping unconformity. The School House Hill Group is correlative with the lower to upper part of the Beekmantown Group (Theresa Formation and the Ogdensburg Member of the Beauharnois Formation) of the St. Lawrence Platform. The Middle Ordovician Fox Hill Group (new) consists of the Luke Hill, Solomons Corner, and Corey formations. This group correlates with the uppermost part of the Beekmantown Group (Huntingdon Member of the Beauharnois Formation and the Carillon Formation).

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