scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Development of surface ruptures by hanging-wall extension over a thrust ramp along the Ragged Mountain fault, Katalla, Alaska, USA: Applications of high-resolution three-dimensional terrain models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Heinlein ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Surface Ruptures ◽  
Elevation Model

<div>Video S1: Grayscale digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale. Video S2: False-color digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale.<br></div>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Development of surface ruptures by hanging-wall extension over a thrust ramp along the Ragged Mountain fault, Katalla, Alaska, USA: Applications of high-resolution three-dimensional terrain models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Heinlein ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Surface Ruptures ◽  
Elevation Model

<div>Video S1: Grayscale digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale. Video S2: False-color digital elevation model generated from high-resolution lidar data illustrating surface expressions at the 1 m to tens of meters scale.<br></div>

scholarly journals Development of surface ruptures by hanging-wall extension over a thrust ramp along the Ragged Mountain fault, Katalla, Alaska, USA: Applications of high-resolution three-dimensional terrain models

Geosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah N. Heinlein ◽  
Terry L. Pavlis ◽  
Ronald L. Bruhn
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Surface Ruptures

High-resolution three-dimensional terrain models are used to evaluate the Ragged Mountain fault kinematics (Katalla, Alaska, USA). Previous studies have produced contradictory interpretations of the fault’s kinematics because surface ruptures along the fault are primarily steeply dipping, uphill-facing normal fault scarps. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that these uphill-facing scarps represent extension above a buried thrust ramp. Detailed geomorphic mapping along the fault, using 20-cm-resolution aerial imagery draped onto a 1-m-resolution lidar (light detection and ranging) elevation model, was used to produce multiple topographic profiles. These profiles illustrate scarp geometries and prominent convex-upward topographic surfaces, indicating significant disturbance by active tectonics. A theoretical model is developed for fault-parallel flow over a thrust ramp that shows the geometric relationships between thrust displacement, upper-plate extension, and ramp dip. An important prediction of the model for this study is that the magnitude of upper-plate extension is comparable to, or greater than, the thrust displacement for ramps with dips greater than ~45°. This model is used to analyze profile shapes and surface displacements in Move software (Midland Valley Ltd.). Analyses of scarp heights allow estimates of hanging-wall extension, which we then use to estimate slip on the underlying thrust via the model. Assuming a low-angle (30°) uniformly dipping thrust and simple longitudinal extension via normal faulting, variations in extension along the fault would require a slip gradient from ~8 m in the north to ~22 m in the south. However, the same north-south variation in extension with a constant slip of 8–10 m may infer an increase in fault dip from ~30° in the north to ~60° in the south. This model prediction has broader implications for active-fault studies. Because the model quantifies relationships between hanging-wall extension, fault slip, and fault dip, it is possible to invert for fault slip in blind thrust ramps where hanging-wall extension is the primary surface manifestation. This study, together with results from the St. Elias Erosion and Tectonics Project (STEEP), clarifies the role of the Ragged Mountain fault as a contractional structure within a broadly sinistral shear system in the western syntaxis of the St. Elias orogeny.

scholarly journals Assessing Optimal Digital Elevation Model Selection for Active River Area Delineation Across Broad Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhou Ma ◽  
Karen Beazley ◽  
Patrick Nussey ◽  
Chris Greene
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Smoothing Algorithm ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Lidar Dem ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract The Active River Area (ARA) is a spatial approach for identifying the extent of functional riparian area. Given known limitations in terms of input elevation data quality and methodology, ARA studies to date have not achieved effective computer-based ARA-component delineation, limiting the efficacy of the ARA framework in terms of informing riparian conservation and management. To achieve framework refinement and determine the optimal input elevation data for future ARA studies, this study tested a novel Digital Elevation Model (DEM) smoothing algorithm and assessed ARA outputs derived from a range of DEMs for accuracy and efficiency. It was found that the tested DEM smoothing algorithm allows the ARA framework to take advantage of high-resolution LiDAR DEM and considerably improves the accuracy of high-resolution LiDAR DEM derived ARA results; smoothed LiDAR DEM in 5-meter spatial resolution best balanced ARA accuracy and data processing efficiency and is ultimately recommended for future ARA delineations across large regions.

scholarly journals CREATING DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL USING A MOBILE DEVICE

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W4 ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. İ. Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The World ◽  
Elevation Model

DEM (Digital Elevation Models) is the best way to interpret topography on the ground. In recent years, lidar technology allows to create more accurate elevation models. However, the problem is this technology is not common all over the world. Also if Lidar data are not provided by government agencies freely, people have to pay lots of money to reach these point clouds. In this article, we will discuss how we can create digital elevation model from less accurate mobile devices’ GPS data. Moreover, we will evaluate these data on the same mobile device which we collected data to reduce cost of this modeling.

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